Industrial Revolution and Latin American Independence

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts from the lecture on the Industrial Revolution and Latin American independence.

Jose de San Martin

A leader who helped with independence movements in South America.

Father Miguel Hidalgo

A Catholic priest who led the Mexican independence movement.

Caudillos

Dictators that left many Latin American countries under their control after independence.

Industrial Revolution (IR)

A period (~1750-1900) marked by the transformation from agricultural societies to industrialized ones.

Domestic System

A system of production where goods were made by hand in the home.

Factory System

A system of manufacturing that replaced the Domestic System where goods were produced in large factories.

Urbanization

An increase in population in cities due to people moving for jobs, particularly during the Industrial Revolution.

Proletariat

The working class that labored in factories during the Industrial Revolution.

Bourgeoisie

The middle class that managed factories and lived comfortably during industrialization.

Child Labor

The employment of children in factories, often in poor conditions and for lower wages.

Job Competition

Intense competition for jobs that arose due to population increases and high demand for employment.

Public Health Issues

Health problems commonly faced by workers in tenements and factories during rapid industrialization.

Karl Marx

A philosopher who critiqued capitalism and advocated for socialism.

Poor Working Conditions

Dangerous and unhealthy environments faced by workers in factories, characterized by long hours and minimal safety.

Air Pollution

The presence of harmful substances in the air due to industrial activities.

Natural Resources

Essential materials like coal, iron, and timber needed for industrialization.

Industrialization Factors

Geographical conditions, resources, workforce, and investment capital necessary for industrial growth.