7 AAOS Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured Eleventh Edition - Chapter 7 Life Span Development Developement

infant vital signs (1 month to 1 year)

pulse 100-160, respirations 25-50, systolic blood pressure 70-95, temperature: >98.6

school age vital signs (6 to 12 years)

pulse 70-120, respirations 15-20, systolic blood pressure 80-110, temperature: 98.6

adult vital signs (13-till death)

pulse 60-100, respirations 12-20, systolic blood pressure 90-140, temperature: 98.6

adolescents

persons who are 12-18 years of age

anxious-avoidant attachment

a bond between an infant and parent or caregiver in which the infant is repeatedly rejected and develops an isolated lifestyle that does not depend on the support and care of others

atherosclerosis

a disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of the blood vessels, forming plaque

barotrauma

injury resulting from pressure disequilibrium across body surfaces, example: too much pressure in the lungs

bonding

the formation of a close, personal relationship

conventional reason

a type of reasoning in which a child looks for approval from peers and society.

early adults

persons who are 19-40 years of age

fontanelles

areas where the infant's skull has not fused together; usually disappear at approximately 18 months

infants

persons who are from 1 month to 1 year of age

life expectancy

the average amount of years a person can be expected to live

middle adults

persons who are 41 to 60 years of age

moro reflex

an infant reflex in which, when an infant is caught offguard, the infant opens his arms wide, spreads fingers and seems to grab at things

neonate

a newborn age birth to 1 month

nephrons

the basic filtering units in the kidneys

palmar grasp

an infant reflex that occurs when something is placed in the infants palms, the infant grasps the object

post-conventional reasoning

a type of reasoning in which a child bases decisions on his or her conscience

pre-conventional reasoning

a type of reasoning in which a child acts almost purely to avoid punishment to get what he wants

preschoolers (3 to 6 years old

pulse 80-140, respiration's 20-25, systolic blood pressure 80-100, temperature: 98.6

rooting reflex

an infant reflex that occurs when something touches an infant's cheek, and the infant instinctively turns his or her head toward the touch

secure attachment

a bond between an infant and his parent or caregiver in which the infant understands that his parents/caregiver will be responsive to his needs and take care of him when he needs help

sucking reflex

an infant reflex in which the infant starts sucking when his or her lips are stroked

terminal drop hypothesis

the theory that a person's mental function declines in the last 5 years of life

toddlers

persons who are 1 to 3 years of age

trust and mistrust

a phrase that refers to a stage of development from birth to approximately 18 months of age, during which infants gain trust their parents or caregivers if the world is planned, organized and routine.

size of airway increases and the surface area of the aveoli decreases

natural elasticity of the lungs decrease forcing people to use muscles between their ribs called the intercostal muscles

why can breathing become more labor intensive among older adults?

1) Vital capacity (volume of air moved during deepest inspiration and expiration) decreases

2) Residual volume (amount of air left in lungs after expiration of the max amount of air) increases

1) Vital capacity decreases due to loss of respiratory muscle mass, increased stiffness of thoracic cage and decreased surface area available for exchange of air

2)Residual volume increases, which hampers diffusion of gases because of stagnant air that remains in the alveoli

Respiratory system change with age

Insulin production and metabolism decline

Slow down physical activity

Hormone production declines

Endocrine system change with age

Saliva secretion declines, which reduces bodys ability to process complex carbs

Intestine ability and gastric acid secretion declines

Digestive system change with age

Filtration function declines

Kidney mass declines due to decreased effectiveness of blood vessels that supply blood to nephrons

Renal system change with age

Metabolic rate does not change

Neural networks becomes slower

Interconnections between brain cells continue allowing loss of neurons without loss of knowledge or skill

Change in sleep patterns due to loss of neurons

Sensation declines

Nervous system changes with age

neonate (0 to 1 month)

90-180 pulse, respiration's 30-60, systolic blood pressure 50-70 , temperature: 98 to 100

toddler (1 to 3 years

90-150 pulse, respiration's 20-30, systolic blood pressure 80-100 , temperature: 96.8-99.6

older adult

an adult age 61 years or older

50%

what is the decline in the kidney function between the ages of 20-90 years

deterioration of nerve endings

A nervous system change commonly found in older adults?

what is the estimated maximum life expectancy for humans

120

what is the estimated minimum life expectancy for humans

78

dehydration

when encountering a patient with depressed fontanelles you should suspect

2 months

what age can an infant start tracking objects with their eyes and recognizing familiar faces?

8lbs 25%

a neonate usually weighs 6 to _______ lbs at birth and the head accounts for ______% of it's body weight

fragile, barotrauma

an infants lungs are ____________ and providing BVM ventilation that are too forceful can result in trauma from pressure of _______

18, effect

by _______to 24 months toddlers begin to understand cause and _______