arrangement of elements; group I properties (alkalis); group VII (halogens); transition elements

noble gases (monoatomic, unreactive, full valence shells)

carbonates in room temperature

solid

other name for group 1

alkalis

other name for group 7

halogens

number of bonds (double/triple, etc.)

helps you find which group the element is supposed to be

alkalis

• reactivity increases down the group (reactions with water get more vigorous)

• melting/boiling points decrease down the group

• creates metal hydroxides when reacting with water

• density increases down the group

how metallic an element is

decreases as you move left to right across a period

test for hydrogen gas

test: lighting a splint

postive result: (squeaky) pop sound

example of formula for alkali + water

halogens

• reactivity decreases down the group

• melting/boiling points increase down the group

• density increase down the group

state of halogens at room temperature

• Fluorine (F): Gas

• Chlorine (Cl): Gas

• Bromine (Br): Liquid

• Iodine (I): Solid

• Astatine (At): Solid (predicted)

colours of halogens

• Fluorine (F): pale yellow

• Chlorine (Cl): green-yellow

• Bromine (Br): red-brown

• Iodine (I): dark puple/violet

• Astatine (At): black

diatomic elements

nitrogen to iodine (the 7 looking thing on the periodic table)

displacement reactions

when a more reactive element takes the place of a less reactive element (chlorine and bromine reacts with aqueous potassium iodide cuz they’re more reactive than iodide)

chlorine uses

water purification (removes bacteria)

element

a substance where the atoms have the same proton number

chlorine reacts with aqueous sodium bromide

chlorine + sodium bromide →

bromine + sodium chloride

chlorine is more reactive than bromine so it will take its original place

test for bromide ions

test: silver nitrate

observations: cream coloured precipitate

halide compound which can be used to detect the presence of water

anhydrous cobalt chloride

potassium bromide (colourless to brown/orange)

potassium bromine + chlorine → potassium chloride + bromine

aqueous sodium iodide reacts with aqueous bromine

transition elements (first row properties)

• variable oxidation state (Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺)

• forms coloured compounds

• can be catalysts

• high melting/boiling points

• high densities

equilibrium mixture

• rate of forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction

• concentration of reactants and products are constant