WCJ Exam 1 SG

Core Tenants of Feminist Criminology

Offending, Victimization, CJS workforce, Academia, Crime Media, Masculinity, Victimization

Critiques of criminology

Traditional criminology ignored women and only examined men’s experiences; suggests women can’t simply be added to crim theories

Cesare Lombroso

criminologist; suggested that criminal women were abnormal

Otto Pollack

Criminologist; did not believe that there were gender differences in offending

How feminist criminology addresses men

Examines masculinity and how it shapes men’s propensity to crime; queer theories: gender nonbinary and trans communities

male support theory

abusive men normalize violence against other women because other men tell them they shouldn’t put up with women standing up to authority

Intersectionality

Coined by Crenshaw; agrues that systems of power shape lived experiences, creating privilege and discriminiation

criminal intersectionality

incorporates intersectionality into the evaluation of crime/crime related policies

critiques of intersectionality

creates a hierarchy of victimhood; higher oppression = more advantages

Symbolic assailant

A perpetrator of ethnicity, hiding in shadows to abduct, murder, rape; attacks at random, unprovoked, difficult to apprehend

Incapacitated assault

An unwanted sexual act that occurs after a victim voluntarily comsumes drugs/Alc

Drug-facilitated assault

An unwanted sexual act that occurs after a victim involuntarily consumes substances

Statutory assault

Sexual activity that is unlawful because its prohibited by statute; generally involves someone who isn’t of legal age

Acquaintance assault

when the perpetrator is known to the victim

Katz Ted Talk; language used to describe men’s abuse of women

More sympathetic to men; erases men’s actions out of the language

Secondary victimization

when a victim experiences further trauma after initial crime (through legal system, law enforcement, society)

Coercive control

Act or pattern of acts of assault, threats, humiliation, other abuse to punish or frighten victim

Gaslighting

Psychological abuse that attempts to make someone believe they are crazy

Cycle of violence theory

Developed to understand how intimate partner violence occurs throughout a relationship

Phases of the cycle of violence

Phase one: tension building

Phase two: abusive incident

Phase three: Honeymoon period

Restricted reporting

Allows a victim to confidentially report their victimization. doesn’t lead to an investigation unless reported to a commander

Unrestricted reporting

Leads to an official investigation

Adultification

the assignment of adult norms towards a child

Sexual abuse to prison pipeline

How early sexual abuse leads to increased involvement and contact with JJC; girls become criminalized because of their victimization

School to prison pipeline

interactions with different institutions of social control have combined effect on youth which forces them to understand social world to where these institutions systematically criminalize them, creating ubiquitous punitive social control  

Criminalization

to make an activity illegal. To treat someone or their behaviors as criminal if they aren't actual violations of law 

Tough-on-crime policies

policies that led to harsher punishments, war on drugs, etc, leading to minority groups being imprisoned more

Violence Matrix

Physical, sexual, and emotional violence from intimate partners, neighbors, and law enforcement

Dual Frusturation

Burdened both by community/interpersonal violence and police violence

Family criminalization

The ways in which women are made vulnerable to surveillance and punishment within and outside the formal CJS through their male family members