Introduction to Statistics - Fill-in-the-Blank Flashcards

Fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering history, key statisticians, and basic terminology from the lecture notes.

The word statistics is derived from Latin word 'Status' or Italian word 'Statista', meaning __.

Political State or Government

In the past, statistics was used by rulers. They needed information about lands, agriculture, commerce, and population to assess their __, their wealth, taxation.

military potential

Today the availability of __ is a major factor in the modern development of statistics.

electronic computers

Sir William Petty used early statistical methods to analyze __ data.

demographic

__ is the mathematician who developed the method of least squares in 1809.

Carl Friedrich Gauss

__ is the founder of mathematical statistics.

Karl Pearson

Ronald Fisher is known for __.

creating the foundations for modern statistical science

James Lind carried out the first clinical trial in 1747 to find a treatment for __.

scurvy

Pierre-Simon, marquis de Laplace, was one of the main early developers of __ statistics.

Bayesian

Weather forecasting uses computer models built on statistical concepts. These models compare prior weather with the current weather and __ future weather.

predict

Statistics mostly used by the __.

researcher

Before any drugs prescribed, scientists must show a statistically valid rate of __.

effectiveness

STATISTICS is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, __ and interpreting data to assist in making more effective decisions.

analyzing

DATA: Data consists of numerical values that can be counted or measured. E.g. __.

Height of students

POPULATION: A set containing all the members on which data can be collected. E.g. __.

Students of PMU

SAMPLE: A group of unit selected from the population. E.g. __.

Students of JKM at PMU

DATA: A collected information. Data can be categorized into two types which are __ Data and Qualitative Data.

Quantitative

QUALITATIVE DATA: Data consists of non-numerical values that can be categorized or described. E.g. __.

Gender of students

DISCRETE DATA: Data obtained by counting using whole numbers only. E.g. __.

Number of cars

CONTINUOUS DATA: Measured data that can have any values in certain range. E.g. __.

Weight of students