cellular level organization study

molecules that have both hyrdophilic and hydrophobic regions

amphipathic

the intake of fluid by a cell

pinocytosis

when the cell spits out the contents of a vesicle

exocytosis

carbohydrates that coat the cell membrane and act in cell self recognition are called

glycocalyx

what pairs with the base cystosine?

guanine

what pairs with the base adenine?

thymine

a single wrapped DNA-histone complex

nucleosome

region that is responsible for manufacturing the RNA necessary for construction of ribosomes

nucleolus

molecules of RNA that serve to bring amino acids to a growing polypeptide strand and properly place them into sequence

tRNA

1st step of gene expression, when a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase

transcription

translator molecules read the mRNA codons, and ferries the corresponding amino acids to the ribosomes, and attached each new amino acid, building the polypeptide chain

translation

the.. of a cell describes all of the proteins that the cell’s DNA codes for

proteome

in RNA adenine pairs with

uracil, only found in RNA, replaces thymine

stem cell that can differentiate into different types of cells within a certain cell lineage, such as types of blood cells

multipotent cells

a protein that binds to specific genes on the DNA molecule to either promote or inhibit

a specialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and under certain condition differentiate into specialized cells

stem cell

when a cell becomes more specialized by changing it size, shape, metaboic, activitym and overall function

differentiation

stem cell that arises from the division of the zygote and are the umtimate stem cells, can differentiate into any cell needed for the organism

totipotent stem cell

stem cells that are only able to become one type of cell

unipotent stem cell

limited to becoming one of a few different cell types, less specialized than a unipotent cell, more specialized than multipotent cells

oligopotent

have the ability to differentiate into specialized cells in the body but they are unable to develop into a complete organism, also used in development of treatment for diseases

pluripotent stem cells