CH 27: Islamic Empires Quiz

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caliphs

The lieutenants who became heads of state for the Islamic Empire after the death of Muhammad took on the role as ___

Sunni

The division of Islam into two branches after the death of Muhammad came as a result of conflict over who would be selected as caliph. These two groups were the ___ and Shia.

empire founded by Osman Bey in northwestern Anatolia in the late 13th century

the Ottoman Empire

islamic shi’a empire founded by Shah Ismail in Persia (early 16th century)

the Safavid Empire

sunni muslim empire in south asia founded by Babur in the early 16th century

Mughal Empire

Islam

Sikhism was a syncretic combination of Hinduism and ____

ways akbar fostered harmony in a ethnically and religiously diverse empire:

• encouraged a syncretic form of islam called “the divine faith”

• abolished the jizya

• appointed people from different religious backgrounds in administrative roles

Akbar's answer to the religious diversity and tension of India was to

Ottoman

The ___ empire was inspired by its status as an Islamic outpost on the border of the Christian world near the Mediterranean Sea.

ghazi

The word ___ refers to Muslim religious warriors.

Constantinople

In 1453, the Ottomans attacked conquered the Byzantine Empire. Their conquest of the historic city of ____ was a major accomplishment for the Ottomans and a major defeat for the Byzantines and other Christian nations.

gunpowder

The Ottomans, Safavids, & Mughals built large Islamic empires using ___ weapons.

The decline of the Islamic empires can be attributed to several factors, including:

1. Political instability and succession disputes.

2. Economic decline and financial mismanagement.

3. External invasions and military conflicts.

4. Social and cultural changes leading to internal divisions.

5. Technological stagnation and failure to adapt to new advancements.

the reasons for the decline of the Islamic empires

shah jahan

mughal emperor who ordered the construction of the peacock throne and the taj mahal

taj mahal

mausoleum constructed by shah jahan in memory of his late wife who died in childbirth

janissaries

elite ottoman soldiers who were known for their unwavering loyalty to the sultan and their skill in battle

osman bey

founder of the ottoman dynasty

divine faith

a syncretic religion created by shah akbar of the mughal empire; religion tha combined aspects of different religions while glorifying the emperor.

gunpowder

• the use of this material drove the imperial expansion of the islamic empires;

• was used in weaponry

• shi’a islamic dynasty originating from modern day iran who traced their ancestry to safi al-din, a sufi leader;

safavids

shi’a

Unlike the Ottomans who were Sunni Muslims, the Safavids believed in ___ Islam & strictly converted the people they conquered.

• under shah abbas, the safavid empire allied with the european forces against the ottoman & portuguese

• They established diplomatic and trade relations with England, France, and the Netherlands.

the relationship of the safavids and europe

• had significant trade connections with European powers such as the Portuguese, Dutch, and British.

• Europeans sought access to the Indian Ocean trade routes and established trading posts in Mughal territories.

• instances of of conflict and competition, particularly between the Mughals and the British East India Company; led to decline of mughal empire

the relationship between mughals and europe

• initially, the Ottomans posed a significant threat to Europe, expanding their empire into southeastern Europe.

• eventually engaged in trade and diplomatic relations with some European powers (e.g. alliance with central powers in ww1)

the relationship between ottomans and europe