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Agribusiness
The sector of the economy focused on the production, processing, and distribution of agricultural products.
Agriculture
The practice of cultivating soil, growing crops, and raising animals for food, fiber, and other products.
Aquaculture
Farming of aquatic organisms such as fish and shellfish in controlled environments.
Boserup Hypothesis
A theory that suggests population growth drives agricultural innovation and intensification.
Capital Intensive
Agricultural practices that require significant investments in machinery and technology.
Carl Sauer
A geographer known for his study of cultural landscapes and agriculture's impact on them.
Cash Crop
Crops grown for sale in the market rather than for personal consumption.
Cereal Grain
Grains from plants in the grass family, primarily grown for human consumption.
Commercial Agriculture
Farming primarily done for profit, involving large-scale production for sale in markets.
Commodity Chain
The series of steps involved in the production and distribution of a commodity.
Comparative Advantage
The principle that countries can gain from specializing in goods they produce efficiently.
Crop
A plant that is grown and harvested for food, feed, or other economic purposes.
Crop Rotation
The practice of growing different crops in a specific sequence on the same land.
Dairying
The business of producing milk and dairy products from animals.
Desertification
The process by which fertile land becomes desert due to various factors.
Domestication
The process by which humans selectively breed plants and animals for beneficial traits.
Double-Cropping
The practice of growing two crops in the same field within one year.
Extensive Subsistence Agriculture
A farming system with low inputs, using large areas of land for personal consumption.
Feedlot
A facility where livestock are concentrated and prepared for slaughter.
First Agricultural Revolution
The transition from hunting and gathering to settled farming occurring around 10,000 years ago.
Food Security
The condition where all people have access to sufficient and nutritious food.
Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)
Organisms altered through genetic engineering for specific traits.
Grain
The seeds of cereal crops used for food and other products.
Green Revolution
A period of increased agricultural productivity due to new technologies and practices.
Horticulture
The cultivation of plants for food, medicine, and ornamental purposes.
Hydroponics
A method of growing plants in a nutrient-rich water solution instead of soil.
Intensive Subsistence Agriculture
A farming system that requires significant labor to produce food for family consumption.
Irrigation
The artificial application of water to assist in growing crops.
Market Gardening
Small-scale farming focused on producing a variety of crops for local markets.
Mediterranean Agriculture
Farming in regions with a Mediterranean climate, involving specific crops and livestock.
Milkshed
The geographic area from which a dairy farm can economically supply milk.
Pastoral Nomadism
A form of subsistence farming where people raise livestock and move seasonally.
Pasture
Land covered with grass used for grazing livestock.
Plantation
A large-scale estate where crops are grown for export.
Prime Agricultural Land
Land highly suitable for farming due to soil quality and climate.
Ranching
The practice of raising livestock on large tracts of land.
Ridge-Tilling
A farming technique where crops are planted on ridges to improve conditions.
Second Agricultural Revolution
An improvement period in agriculture marked by new innovations in the 17th to 19th centuries.
Seed Agriculture
The practice of planting seeds to grow crops.
Shifting Cultivation
A form of subsistence farming where land is cleared and then abandoned after use.
Slash-and-Burn
A technique of clearing land for agriculture by burning vegetation.
Subsidy
Financial assistance from governments to support agricultural production.
Subsistence Agriculture
Farming primarily aimed at producing enough food for the farmer's family.
Swidden
A form of shifting cultivation where land is cleared by burning vegetation.
Sustainable Agriculture
Farming practices designed to meet current food needs without compromising future needs.
Transhumance
The seasonal movement of livestock between summer and winter pastures.
Truck Farming
Commercial production of fruits and vegetables for local markets.
Vegetative Planting
Plant reproduction from parts of existing plants rather than from seeds.
Vertical Integration
A business model where a company controls multiple stages of production.
Von Thünen’s Model
A model explaining land use organization around a central market based on transportation costs.
Wet Rice
Rice grown in flooded fields, typically requiring substantial irrigation.
