MicroBio Quiz 3 CH. 2

Human microbiota

the collection of all microbes on the human body

colonization

the ability of the microbe to stay attached to the body surface and replicate

adehsins

proteins that enable the microbiota to attach to host cells

parasites

microbes that cause harm-inducing infection

ectoparasites

body surface, fleas or lice

endoparasites

inside host body, helminth

pathogen

any bacterium, virus, fungus, protozoa, helminth that causes disease in humans

pathogenicity

the ability of the organism to cause disease

How does an infection occur

when a pathogen or parasite enters and begins to grow on the host

how does a disease occur

when the patient develops symptoms

acute infection

symptoms develop and resolve rapidly

chronic infection

symptoms that develop gradually and resolve slowly

primary pathogens

likely to cause disease after infection in a healthy host

opportunistic pathogens

less likely to cause disease in a healthy host

latent state 

organism cannot be found by culture

virulence

the level of harm caused by a pathogen following infection

lethal dose 50%

number of bacteria or virus particles required to kill 50% of an experimental group of animal hosts

infection dose 50%

number of microbes required to cause disease symptoms in half of an experimental group of hosts

lower lethal dose

more lethal

lower infection dose

more contagious

invasion

the entry of a pathogen into a living cell where it then lives

invasiveness

the ability of a bacterial pathogen to spread rapidly through tissues

disease

a disruption of the normal structure of function of ant body part that can be recognized by symptoms

infectious disease

a disease caused by a pathogen that can be transferred from one host to another

disease signs

can be observed by examination like rash or fever

disease symptoms

experienced by the person like pain or fatigue

syndrome

a collection of signs and symptoms that occur together and collectively characterize a condition

immonopathology

host’s response to the infection

sequelae

pathological consequences that develop after a disease resolves

morbidity

rate of illness due to a disease

mortality

rate of death due to disease

infection cycle

the route of transmission from one person or animal to another

horizontal transmission

occurs when the infectious agent is transferred from one person or animal to the next

vertical transmission

occurs when the infectious agent is transferred from parent to offspring

direct contact transmission

may spread directly from person to person, like touching, kissing, sex

host range

how readily a pathogen can infect different animals

incubation phase

the time after a microbe first infects a person until the first signs of disease appear

prodromal phase

after incubation phase, short and involves vague symptoms

illness phase

when typical symptoms and signs of the disease appear

decline phase

when the number of pathogens decrease and symptoms become less intense

convalescence

when symptoms are gone and the patient recovers

indirect transmission

airborne transmission(sneezing), fomites(inanimate objects), vehicles(food, water), vectors(ticks, mosquitoes)

resevoir

an animal or an environment that normally harbors the pathogen

asymptomatic carrier

harbors the potential disease agent but does not have the disease

endemic disease

always present in a community at a low rate, often in an animal reservoir

epidemic disease

number of cases increases in a community in a short time

pandemic disease

epidemic that spreads worldwide

fecal-oral

portal is the mucosa of the GI tract

skin

portal is the skin epithelium

respiratory

portal is the mucosa of the respiratory tract

urogenital

portal is the mucosa of the genital and urinary tracts

parenteral

portal is through breaks in the skin

entry via the eye

portal is conjunctiva