chapter 26 franklin roosevelt and the new deal, 1932-1941

Brains trust

an unofficial advisory cabinet to President Franklin Roosevelt, originally gathered while he was governor of New York, to present possible solutions to the nations' problems; among its prominent members were Rexford Tugwell, Raymond Moley, and Adolph Berle

Civilian conservation corps

a public program for unemployed young men from relief families who were put to work on conservation and land management projects around the country

Interregnum

The period between the election and the inauguration of a new president
when economic conditions worsened a lot during the 4- month lag between roosevelt's win and his move into the oval office, congress amended the consitution to limit his period to 2 months

Social security

A series of programs designed to help the population's most vulnerable: the unemployed, elderly (more than 65), disabled
done with various programs for pension, insurance, and aid

Supreme court packing plan

Roosevelt's plan after being reelected
wanted to pack the supreme court with additional 6 justices (1 for every justice over 70, who refused to step down

Tennessee valley authority

A federal agency tasked with the job of planning and developing the area through flood control, restoration, and hydroelectric power zones

Works progress administration

A program run by harry hopkins
provided jobs for over 8 million americans From its inception to its closure in 1943

Which of the following best describes Roosevelt's attempts to push his political agenda in the last months of Hoover's presidency?
A. Roosevelt spoke publicly on the issue of direct relief.
B. Roosevelt met privately with Hoover to convince him to institute certain policy shifts before his presidency ended.
C. Roosevelt awaited his inauguration before introducing any plans.
D. Roosevelt met secretly with members of Congress to attempt to win their favor.

C. Roosevelt awaited his inauguration before introducing any plans.

Which of the following policies did Roosevelt not include among his early ideas for a New Deal?
A. public works
B. government regulation of the economy
C. elimination of the gold standard
D. aid to farmers

d. aid to farmers

What was the purpose of roosevelt's "brain trust"?

They advised him in his inception of a variety of relief and recovery programs
the members of his group:
1. pushed for a new national tax policy
2. Addressed the nation's agricultural problems
3. Advocated an increased role for the federal government in setting wages and rices
4. Believed that the federal government could temper the boom-and-bust cycles that rendered the economy unstable

** they helped to craft the legislative programs that roosevelt represented to congress

Which of the following was not a policy undertaken by the NIRA?
A. agreement among industries to set prices
B. agreement among industries to reinvest profits into their firms
C. agreement among industries to set production levels
D. recognition of the right of workers to form unions

B. Agreement among industries to reinvest profits into their firms

What type of help did the CWA provide?
A. direct relief
B. farm refinancing
C. bank reform
D. employment opportunities

D. Employment opportunities

How did the NRA seek to protect workers? What difficulties did this agency face?

The national recovery administration (NRA) established a "code of fair practice" for every industry
business owners were made to:
1. accept a set minimum wage
2. Accept a set maximum number of work hours
3. Recognize workers' rights to organize/ use collective bargaining

the NRA established over 500 different codes—> made it hard to adapt this plan successfully for diverse industries with very different characteristics/ practices

Which of the following statements accurately describes Mary McLeod Bethune?
A. She was a prominent supporter of the Townsend Plan.
B. She was a key figure in the NYA.
C. She was Eleanor Roosevelt's personal secretary.
D. She was a labor organizer.

B. She was a key figure in the NYA

The Social Security Act borrowed some ideas from which of the following?
A. the Townsend Plan
B. the Division of Negro Affairs
C. the Education Trust
D. the NIRA

A. The townsend plan

What was the first New Deal agency to hire women openly?
A. the NRA
B. the WPA
C. the AAA
D. the TVA

B. The WPA

What were the major goals and accomplishments of the Indian New Deal?

Indian new deal of 1934 is aka indian reoganization act
ended policies of the dawes severalty act of 1887
rather than encouraging assimilation, it now protected indians' development of local self-government and the preservation of indian artifacts and heritage
john collier (commissioner on indian bureau of affairs) used the law to push for federal officials' return of 2 million acres of government-held land to various tribes

To what extent was Franklin Roosevelt's overwhelming victory in the 1932 presidential election a reflection of his own ideas for change? To what extent did it represent public discontent with Herbert Hoover's lack of answers?

In discussion

In what ways did the New Deal both provide direct relief and create new jobs? Which programs served each of these goals?

Wagner-peyser act: made US employment service (promised states the required funds if they made more local job opportunities)

Federal emergency relief act (fera): gave $500 million to relieve 15 million people

Civil works admin (cwa): harry hopkins and roosevelt made it... put millions of people to work to do infrastructure/ public projects

Civilian conservation corps. Relief act (ccc): hired men 14-24 y/o to plant trees and do nature stuff... hired like 250,000 men and made 2,500 camps

Work progress admin (wpa): gave employment relief, made infrastructure, made federal project #1 (give jobs to artists), made NYA (gave jobs to HS and college students)

Although roosevelt's efforts provided relief and cool new public works, the violence that erupted for organized labor showed flaws in not addressing long term problems of poor working conditions

What were the key differences between the First New Deal and the Second New Deal? On the whole, what did each New Deal set out to accomplish?

1st new deal: saving the patient (providing relief)
gave bank reform, job creation, economic regulation, regional planning

2nd new deal: curing the illness (finding long term solutions)

Whom did the New Deal help the least? What hardships did these individuals continue to suffer? Why were Roosevelt's programs unsuccessful in the alleviation of their adversities?

TVA didn't help 15,000 displaced families

Women also didn't really benefit, because men were still the family's primary breadwinner
BUT after TVA, textile mills opened, giving women some jobs

What challenges did Roosevelt face in his work on behalf of African Americans? What impact did the New Deal have ultimately on race relations?

African americans were kinda left out of the programs (ccc, cwa, wpa, nra, aaa)
But later, roosevelt changed some things and wanted equality

he was pretty good with diversity (having a black cabinet, publicly speaking out against lynching, declaring that civil rights is important)
But he couldn't propose any civil rights laws because he doesn't want to lose support of southern democrats

Was Franklin Roosevelt successful at combatting the Great Depression? How did the New Deal affect future generations of Americans?

It was pretty successful
It improved working conditions and helped people keep their homes, farms, savings