Nutrition Health & Society Prelim 1

What is nutrition?

All processes involved in the intake and utilization of food.

What is a nutrient?

Substances we derive from food that drive bodily processes.

Essential vs. Non essential?

Essential nutrients are synthesized in small amounts by our bodies, so we must obtain them primarily through food.

Non essential nutrients can be produced by the body

What are conditionally essential nutrients?

Nutrients that the body can synthesize, but are needed in larger quantities during stressful events.

Macronutrients are …

Needed in larger quantities

Which nutrient classes are considered macronutrients?

Water, protein, carbohydrates, and lipids.

Micronutrients are …

Needed in smaller quanities

What are the micronutrients?

Vitamins and minerals

What makes a substance organic?

If it contains carbon

What makes a food organic?

If its determined by the USDA to be non-gmo, and free of additives/chemicals.

What are the 3 other classes of nutrients?

Phytochemicals, phytonutrients, and zoo nutrients.

What is energy?

The capacity of a system to do work.

What is the measurement of energy content in foods?

Calories

Body relies primarily on … for energy

C, H, O and fat

What is metabolism?

All chemical processes occuring within a living organism to sustain life.

What is an ideal energy balance?

Intake matching energy expenditure

What happens when expenditure exceeds intake?

We tap into bodily reserves

What happens when intake exceeds expenditure?

The surplus nutrients and calories are stored in the body.

What are the 3 categories of energy expenditure?

1) Basal metabolic

2) Thermogenesis

3) Physical Activity

What is a dietary guideline?

A science-based recommendation of what foods to consume to promote health.