merican classical/jazz

ultramodernist

30s term for composers using radical techniques (henry cowell)

tone clusters

blocks of notes played on piano using fist/forearm

carl ruggles sun-treader (1931)

large orchestra, self-taught “intuitive innovation”

atonality

dissonant composition w no fixed key, does not reflect traditional harmony

serialism

systematic ordering of 12 pitches of chromatic scale

robert morris raudra (1978)

solo flute, serial, indian “rasas”

aleatoric music

chance operations determine composition (developed by john cage)

tania leon indigena (1991)

chamber orchestra, cuban carnivale, trumpet (la jardinera)

george gershwin

rhapsody in blue & “jazz into concert hall”

gunther schuller

developed 3rd stream music that combined jazz & classical in 60s

new orleans jazz (1900)

blues + european band music + ragtime

ragtime

primarily piano-based instrumental style w syncopated melody

buddy bolden

cornetist who established 1st jazz band

swing

big band style of 30s & interracial dance culture

benny goodman

swing clarinetist, among 1st to integrate jazz bands

bebop

jazz style pioneered in 40s feat smaller ensembles & greater complexity - associated w subculture of slang, fashion, new black pride, & HEROIN

cabaret card

workers’ requirement in NY, routinely revoked for drug convictions

john coltrane

bebop saxophonist who reharmonized & expanded jazz vocab

fusion

combo of jazz & pop styles (rock)

miles davis

fusion trumpet pioneer who released bitches brew (1969)