topic 1a2 water and carbon cycle

Major water stores

How much water is on Earth

1.4bnkm3

What percentage is fresh and salty

97 salty 3 fresh

What is the cryosphere

Water stored as ice

What is terrestrial water

Water on land, rivers, lakes, wetlands, ground water

What percentage of fresh water is stored as ice

70 %-of which 99% is stored in the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets

Define ice sheet and ice cap

Ice cap: below 50,000km3 area

Ice sheet: above 50,000km3 area

Define permafrost

Ground that remains below 0 degrees for at least 2 consecutive years

4 stores of terrestrial water

Surface, ground, soil, biological

2 roles of rivers

Store and transfer water

What is it called when soil/rock becomes completely saturated

The water table

How is water stored in the atmosphere

All 3 states

Ice crystals in clouds

Liquid water in clouds

Water vapour in the atmosphere

What controls how much water vapour the atmosphere can hold

Temperature:

Hot-more water held

Cold-Less water held

Name of energy that is absorbed or released when water changes state

Latent heat

4 factors affecting rate of evaporation

Amount of solar energy

Water availability

Air humidity

Air temperature

Name of  the point when air is “full”-saturated

Dew point

What are condensation nuclei

Tiny particles-smoke,salt and dust

How many glacial periods have there been, which one are we in

5 and the quaternary glaciation