Anatomy 2300 Unit 2

Pelvis Components

Sacrum + os coxa (2)

What is the name of the joint between the sacrum and os coxa?

Sacroiliac joint

Where do the os coxa meet & what is it made out of?

The pubic symphysis & fibrocartilage

What is the most anterior point of the pelvic girdle on a coronal plane?

anterior superior iliac spine

What two features are located on the coronal plane of the pelvic girdle?

Pubic symphysis and pubic tubercles

What is the boundary between the true and false pelvis?

The pelvic brim

What is the antieror most point of the sacrum?

The promontory

What vertebrae connects to the sacrum?

Lumbar vertebrae #5

What is ONE of the holes called that are on the anterior sacrum?

Anterior sacral foramen

What are all of the holes on the anterior sacrum called (together)?

The anterior sacral foramina

What is the coccyx?

The tailbone- not part of the sacrum

Posteriorly, what is the opening in the top of the sacrum called? (+ function)

The Sacral canal - where spinal nerves go through

What are the medial ridges on the posterior side of the sacrum?

The median sacral crests

What are the names of the holes where spinal nerves come out of on the posterior side of the sacrum?

The posterior sacral foramina

Sacral hiatus

End of the sacrum where spinal canal opens

Auricular Surface

Connects os coxa

3 bones that make up the os coxae

Superior

Ilium

Ischium

Pubis

Inferior

Ilium

Most superior part of the os coxa

Iliac Fossa

A concave (scooped) region where the iliacus muscle originates

Iliac crest

Forms the top edge of the pelvis. Connection point for muscles/ligaments

What are the 4 iliac spines & their functions

Anterior superior iliac spine, Anterior inferior iliac spine, Posterior Superior iliac spine, posterior inferior iliac spine. Serve as connection points between ligaments and muscles.

Ischial spine

Divides the greater sciatic notch from the lesser sciatic notch

What is the “branch” part of the os coxa?

The superior ramus (branch) of pubis. Forms part of pelvic brim.

Pubis tubercle

Anterior most point of os coxa

Inferior ramus of pubis

Meets the ischial ramus & forms ischiopubic ramus

Ischial tuberosity

A site for muscle attachment (i.e. rough). You can feel it when youre sitting.

Obturator Foramen

Where nerves/arteries go through the os coxa.

Acetabulum

Where the three parts of the os coxa meet laterally. Where the femur meets the os coxa.

Sacrospinous ligament

attaches sacrum to ischial spine

Sacro tuberous ligament

connects the posterior ilium, lateral sacrum, and coccyx to the ischial tuberosity

Femoral head

Head of the femur. The “ball” of the ball and socket joint.

“Neck”

The neck of the femur & the weakest point (easiest to snap)

Greater trochanter

Large part of femur that sticks out laterally. Connection point for muscles & tendons.

Lesser trochanter

A bump on the femur that sticks out medially. Connection point for muscles crucial to hip flexion.

Lateral & Medial epicondyle

Bony projections on the most inferior part of the femur. Serve as connection points for muscles/ligaments and play a role in knee stability.

Patellar surface

Where patella sits

Intertrochanteric crest

Prominent bony ridge on the posterior side. Runs in between the greater & lesser trochanter.

Gluteal tuberosity

A bony projection on the posterior side of the femur where the gluteus maximus muscle attaches.

Linea aspera

a rough, longitudinal ridge on the posterior surface of the femur that serves as a major attachment site for thigh muscles

Lateral & Medial condyle (posterior)

These condyles articulate with the corresponding tibial condyles and form the main weight-bearing surfaces of the knee joint

What two things attach to the patella?

Quadriceps muscle superiorly. Patellar ligament inferiorly.

Lateral condyle & medial condyles of the tibia

Connection point for the femur

Head of the fibula

Connects w/the tibia

Tibial tuberosity

Where the patellar ligament connects

Tibia

The weight bearing bone of the leg

Lateral malleolus & Medial malleolus - location and function

Lateral malleolus- on the fibula.

Medial malleolus- on the tibia

Function- connection points (the two bony parts of ankle that stick out)

Major tarsal bones

Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular, Cuboid, Cuneiforms (3)

Talus

Interacts w/tibia and fibula (“salad tongs”)

Calcaneus

Attachment site for achilles tendon

How many metatarsals are there?

5

What digit does not have a medial part?

The big toe (1)

Articulating bones of the hip

Hip bone & femur

Type of joint at the hip + functional type

Synovial- ball and socket & diarthrotic

Articulating bones of the knee (tibiofemoral)

Femur and tibia

Type of joint at the knee + functional type

Synovial- hinge & diarthrotic

Bones articulating at the femoropatellar joint

Femur and patella

Type of joint at the femoropatellar + functional type

Synovial- plane (gliding) + diarthrotic

Bones articulating at the ankle joint proper

Tibia and fibula with the tarsals

What type of joint is the ankle (proper) + functional type

Synovial- hinge + diarthrotic

What bones articulate at the interphalangeal joint

Adjacent phalanges

What type of joint is the interphalangeal joint + functional type

Synovial- hinge + diarthrotic

What movements does the knee joint do?

Flexion, extension, gliding, rotating.

What does the strength of the knee depend on?

The strength of the surrounding muscles and ligaments from the femur to the tibia.

What are the 5 ligaments that aid in supporting the knee joint?

The patellar ligament, medial collateral ligament, the lateral fibular ligament, the anterior cruciate ligament, and the posterior cruciate ligament.

What are the extracapsular ligaments in the knee? (outside joint capusule)

The patellar ligament, medial collateral ligament, the lateral fibular ligament.

What are the intracapsular ligaments of the knee?

the anterior cruciate ligament, and the posterior cruciate ligament.

Patellar ligament

Connects patella to tibial tuberosity. Strengthens joint anteriorly

Medial collateral ligament

A broad band connecting the medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial condyle of the tibia

Lateral collateral ligament

a fibrous band of connective tissue located on the outer side of the knee joint. It connects the lateral epicondyle of the femur (thigh bone) to the lateral side of the head of the fibula

Anterior cruciate ligament

Attatches the lateral condyle of the femur to the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia. Prevents anterior translation of the tibia in relation to the femur

Posterior cruciate ligament

Attatches the medial condyle of the femur to the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia. Prevents posterior translation of the tibia in relation to the femur

Medial Meniscus

Directly adhered to the medial collateral ligament. The two get injured together.

Lateral Meniscus

Separated from the lateral collateral ligament by the tendon of the popliteus muscle

Unhappy triad

Injury to the ACL, MCL & medial meniscus

How is the ACL ruptured?

From hyperextension

How does the PCL rupture?

Landing on tibial tuberosity with a flexed knee

When can a muscle act on a joint?

If it crosses the joint

Innervation

Nerve that stimulates the muscle to move

Fascia Lata

Deep connective fascia that invests the thigh (keeps everything together)

Iliotibial tract (IT band)

A thickened lateral portion of the fascia lata

Medial rotation

Moving the foot towards the body while only moving the hip

Lateral rotation

Moving the foot away from the body while only moving at the hip

Flexion of the hip

Hip @ right angle

Extension of the hip

a straight leg

Abduction

moving away from body

Adduction

moving extended hip towards body

Superficial gluteal muscles

Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae.

Deep gluteal region muscles

Deep lateral rotators- piriformis

Gluteus maximus action

Extend hip (thigh)

Lateral rotation of hip (thigh)

Gluteus maximus innervation

inferior gluteal n.

Gluteus medius action

abuct hip (thigh)

Gluteus medius innervation

superior gluteal nerve.

Gluteus minimums action

abduct hip

Gluteus minimums innervation

superior gluteal nerve

Damage to what nerve affects pelvic stabilization?

Superior gluteal nerve (minimus and medius)

Tensor fasciae latae action

Flex hip (thigh)

Abduct hip (thigh)

Tensor fasciae latae innervation

superior gluteal nerve

Deep lateral rotators action

Lateral rotation of the hip

Stabilization of hip joint

Piriformis action

Lateral rotation of the hip (thigh)

What are the anterior hip muscles?

Psoas major

Iliacus