Unit 3 AP AAS

Post emancipation proclamation, expression of african american identity

Reconstruction Amendments

Defined standards of citizenship, reintegrating former Confederate states and creating rights for free and formerly enslaved African Americans.

14th Amendment

Defined birthright citizenship and granted equal protection to all people; overturned Dred Scott v. Sanford.

15th Amendment

Prohibited denial of the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Freedmen’s Bureau

Provided aid to African Americans during Reconstruction to help them transition to freedom.

Convict Leasing

Southern prisons hired African American men imprisoned for minor charges to work under conditions similar to slave labor.

Peonage

Laborers bound in servitude because of debt.

Sharecropping

Landowners provided land and equipment and farmers returned a large part of the crops, making profit difficult.

Black Codes

Restrictive laws that undermined the legal rights of African Americans post-emancipation.

Special Field Orders No. 15

Plan for redistributing land to freedmen, overturned by Andrew Johnson.

Plessy v. Ferguson

Established the 'separate but equal' doctrine relating to public transportation segregation.

Jim Crow Laws

Statutes that enforced racial segregation and limited the rights of African Americans.

Nadir

The lowest point of American race relations between the end of Reconstruction and WWII.

Red Record by Ida B. Wells

Documented lynchings in the US and called attention to the murders of African Americans.

Tulsa Race Massacre

Destruction of over 1250 homes and businesses in Greenwood, an affluent Black community.

Double Consciousness

Internal conflict experienced by subordinated groups in an oppressive society.

Booker T. Washington

Advocated for industrial education as a means of economic advancement for African Americans.

Nannie Helen Burroughs

Founded a school for women and established the National Association of Colored Women.

Black National Anthem

'Lift Every Voice and Sing' acknowledges African American resilience and encourages pride.

African American Women

Played vital leadership roles, supported families, and organized for rights post-slavery.

Citizens Savings Bank and Trust Company

The oldest continuously operating African American-owned bank in the US, founded in 1904.

Madame CJ Walker

First female millionaire in the US, known for beauty products for Black individuals.

Second Morrill Act

Required non-discrimination in educational admissions or separate institutions for Black students.

Harlem Renaissance

A cultural revolution of Black literacy and arts during the 1920s and 1930s.

Langston Hughes

Central figure in the Harlem Renaissance focused on social justice and celebrating Black culture.

American Free School

Provided education for children of enslaved and free Black people to prepare them for leadership.

The Great Migration

Migration of 6 million African Americans from the South to northern US cities from the 1910s to 1970s.

Effects of Afro-Caribbean Migration to the US

Created blends of Black culture, increasing religious and linguistic diversity in communities.

Marcus Garvey

Inspired Black nationalism and promoted African heritage for liberation from colonialism.