o chem unit one- alkanes

methane

1, ch4

ethane

2, c2h6

propane

3, c3h8

butane

4, c4h10

pentane

5, c5h12

hexane

c6h14

heptane

c7h16

octane

8, c8h18

nonane

9, c9h20

decane

c10h22

how are alkanes named?

for their length of carbon in a chain

unbranched alkanes

molecules drawn/connected in a row, when formed have a zigzag shape due to vsepr

branched alkanes

a side group of carbon attached to a longer carbon chain

branches are usually drawn

above or below the chain

alkyl groups

branched alkanes derived from an alkane by removing one H

how are alkyl groups named?

-ane changed to -yl

what groups do not exist on their own?

alkyl groups

ring hydrocarbons are called

cycloalkanes

how are cycloalkanes named?

add cyclo before the name, the formula is the same but shape/name is different

cyclomethane

c1h2

cycloethane

c2h4

cyclopropane

c3h6

cyclobutane

c4h8

cyclopentane

c5h10

cyclohexane

c6h12

cycloheptane

c7h14

cycloctane

c8h16

cyclononane

c9h18

cyclodecane

c10h20

same molecular formula, different atom arrangements and structural formulas

structural isomers

different chemical and physical properties

boiling point, solubility, reactivity

what is a distillation

a separation technique that uses differences in boiling points to separate components in a liquid mixture by heating and condensing

heating the mixture

heating vaporizes the component