UTS Reviewer - Lessons 1-4

What does a person's name signify according to the lecture notes?

A person's name is associated with their identity but does not define who they truly are.

How is the self described in relation to experiences?

The self is something we continuously shape through experiences and choices.

What does Socrates believe is the true purpose of philosophy?

To 'Know thyself.'

What is Plato's view of the self?

Plato believed that humans have a dual nature: body and soul.

What are the three parts of the soul according to Plato?

Rational Soul, Spirited Soul, and Appetitive Soul.

What distinguishes Augustine's view of the self from Plato's?

Augustine believed that one part of the self desires the world, while the other longs for God.

What components make up Aquinas' view of the self?

Matter (body) and Form (soul) are the two parts of the self.

What philosophical statement is Descartes known for?

'I think, therefore I am' (Cogito, ergo sum).

How does Hume define the self?

Hume rejects the idea of a permanent self, defining it as a bundle of impressions and experiences.

What is Kant's view of the self?

Kant asserts that the self organizes experiences and actively filters our understanding of the world.

How does Ryle define the self?

Ryle rejects the concept of an inner self; he defines the self as a person's behavior and actions.

What does Merleau-Ponty emphasize about the self?

He believes the self is embodied and that every experience is felt through the body.

What does self-reflection allow us to do?

Self-reflection is important for understanding who you truly are.

How does society influence our understanding of the self?

Society shapes our thoughts, feelings, and actions through interactions with others.

What are the two divisions of culture mentioned in the lecture?

Material culture and Non-material culture.

What are norms in the context of society?

Norms are rules regarding what is acceptable or unacceptable behavior.

What defines ascribed status?

Ascribed status is a social position given at birth.

What example illustrates achieved status?

A Student Council President earns their position through election.

What does the theory of Symbolic Interactionism state?

The self is created and developed through social interaction.

Which institution is considered the most basic social institution?

Kinship/Family organizes people based on familial ties.

What does Economics/Market as a social institution do?

It regulates the flow of resources and services to meet people's needs.

How does Religion provide meaning according to the notes?

It offers purpose and connection beyond life and death.

How is modern psychology studying the self?

By considering thoughts, society, and individual psychology.

What two aspects did William James describe regarding the self?

The 'I' (the thinking self) and the 'Me' (the defined characteristics of a person).

What is the definition of self-concept?

Self-concept is what comes to mind when asked, 'Who am I?'.

What are self-schemas according to the lecture?

They are cognitive structures that categorize self-related information.

What is deindividuation and its effect in groups?

It leads individuals to lose identity and accountability, resulting in behavior changes.

How does social comparison theory relate to self-esteem?

We learn about ourselves by comparing with others, which can affect our self-esteem positively or negatively.

What are the types of social comparison?

Downward social comparison and upward social comparison.

What defines narcissism in relation to self-image?

Narcissism is excessive self-admiration and focusing on improving one's social image.

What is a key takeaway about how the self is viewed in Eastern philosophy?

Eastern thought emphasizes collective harmony and interconnectedness.

What is the Confucian view of the self?

The self is connected to society, and personal needs are subdued for the greater good.

What is significant about Taoism's approach to the self?

It highlights selflessness and living in harmony with the universe.

How do Buddhism's teachings describe the self?

Buddhism considers the self an illusion born from ignorance and attachment.

What key concept contrasts Eastern and Western views of the self?

Eastern philosophies seek harmony and selflessness while Western emphasizes individual success.

What characteristic is central to Western thought about the self?

Personal achievements and self-improvement through competition.

What does collectivist ideology in Eastern thought prioritize?

The focus on social relationships and community over individual success.

What is the significance of hierarchy in Eastern views of the self?

Hierarchy maintains harmony and order within society.

How do Western views approach authority compared to Eastern views?

Western views are more informal with authority, allowing for questioning.

What are the three types of self-schemas?

Actual self, Ideal self, and Ought self.

What positive effect does self-awareness have?

It aids in making responsible decisions.

What negative consequence can arise from self-awareness?

It can lead to self-consciousness and worries about judgment.