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plant cell
Contains chloroplast, cell membrane, cell wall, vacuole, ribosomes, mitochondria, cytoplasm, nucleus.
Animal cell
Contains cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes.
Bacterial cell
Contains cell wall, cytoplasm, flagella, plasmids, single stranded DNA, ribosomes.
Never contain mitochondria, chloroplasts, or genetic material in a nucleus.
Cell
Basic building block of life.
Smallest unit of life that can replicate independently
Cells are made up of sub-cellular structures aka organelles
Animal and plant cells grow, whilst bacteria asexually reproduce ( binary fission).
Eukaryotes
Contain DNA in a nucleus
Example: plant and Animal cells
Prokaryotes
No nucleus, loose DNA.
Example: bacterial cell
Cell membrane
Controls which substances move in and out of the cell
Made up of lipids and proteins.
Nucleus
Contains genetic material => hence controls activity of the cell
• it controls cell activities such as cell growth and the repair of worn-out parts.
• it is essential for cell division. Cells without a nucleus, like the red blood cells
of a mammal, are unable to divide.
Cytoplasm
Jelly like substance that holds the organelles in place.
Chemical reactions occur here
Mitochondria
Provide cells with energy they need to function.
By the breakdown of sugars like glucose in aerobic respiration which releases energy.
Cell wall
Rigid
Made of cellulose
Strong, to provide support and structure and prevent bursting.
Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis
Vacuoles
Contain cell sap ( mixture of sugars salts and water )
Chloroplast
Where photosynthesis takes place, contains the green pigment chlorophyll which absorbs light energy and converts it into chemical energy
Plasmids
Carry extra genes, used in genetic engineering
Flagella
Propel the bacteria
Organelles
Sub cellular structures that perform a specific job in the cell
