CP: Module 1.1: Chronic Pulmonary Pathophysiology - Intrinsic Restrictive Lung Disease

Trouble getting air in due to stiff lungs or restricted chest movement.

What is the main problem in restrictive lung disease?

↓FEV1 and ↓FVC,

normal or ↑FEV1/FVC ratio,

↓TLC.

What is the spirometry pattern in RLD?

Lung tissue scarring or inflammation.

What causes intrinsic RLD?

Obesity,

chest wall deformities,

or neuromuscular diseases.

What causes extrinsic RLD?

DLCO is reduced due to impaired gas exchange.

What does DLCO look like in intrinsic RLD?

Obstructive: ↓FEV1/FVC

Restrictive: ↓FEV1 & FVC, normal or ↑FEV1/FVC

How can you tell obstructive vs. restrictive lung disease apart on spirometry?

IPF,

sarcoidosis,

drug toxicity,

autoimmune diseases,

occupational exposures.

What are causes of intrinsic chronic RLD?

Dry cough, dyspnea on exertion, tachypnea, clubbing.

What are common symptoms of intrinsic RLD?

Chest X-ray, ABG, and lung biopsy.

How is intrinsic RLD diagnosed?

Thickened alveolar walls and fibrosis in lung tissue.

What does histology show in intrinsic RLD?

Reticular or reticulonodular patterns with small lung volumes.

What does X-ray show in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)?

Honeycombing (clusters of cystic air spaces).

What is a key CT finding in IPF?

A chronic restrictive lung disease with unknown cause and progressive scarring.

What is Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)?

Loss of alveoli, reduced lung compliance, impaired gas exchange.

What does IPF lead to?

Exposure to crystalline silica.

What is silicosis caused by?

Immune response to inhaled allergens affecting alveolar septae.

What is hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HNP)?

A multisystem disease with lung fibrosis, common in people under 40.

What is sarcoidosis?

Lung disease from asbestos exposure, with pleural plaques and cancer risk.

What is asbestosis?