Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviour: Key Concepts

Attraction

Positive feelings towards others influenced by various factors.

Familiarity

Preference for people we know well.

Westgate Study

Study showing proximity increases friendship likelihood.

Similarity

Preference for people with shared attributes.

Shared Attributes

Common traits that validate personal ideas.

Physical Attractiveness

Attraction to individuals deemed physically appealing.

Halo Effect

Positive traits attributed to physically attractive people.

Reciprocity

Mutual liking enhances self-esteem and relationships.

Self Disclosure

Sharing intimate information fosters deep connections.

Social Exchange

Relationships evaluated through cost-benefit analysis.

Prosocial Behaviour

Actions that benefit others or society.

New Yorker Apathy

Bystander inaction during emergencies due to diffusion.

Bystander Effect

Less likelihood to help when others are present.

Diffusion of Responsibility

Feeling less accountable when others can help.

Latane and Darley Study

Study showing intervention rates drop with more witnesses.

Pluralistic Ignorance

Assuming no one is concerned in emergencies.

Helping Decision Tree

Steps to determine whether to help someone.

Prejudice

Negative attitudes towards specific groups.

Scapegoat Theory

Prejudice arises from displaced frustration or fear.

Intergroup Contact

Personal interactions reduce prejudice between groups.

Robbers Cave Experiment

Study demonstrating prejudice reduction through cooperative contact.

Common Goals

Shared objectives that promote cooperation and reduce hostility.

Power of Friendship

Friendships reduce prejudice through individual recognition.

Individuating Information

Details that highlight a person's unique qualities.

Recognition of Commonalities

Identifying similarities fosters connections and reduces bias.