DIV 4

Mortar

Mortar

Cement mix used to glue masonry units to each other, or other surface finishing materials like tiles, bricks, stones to a receiving structure like a wall or floor.

Plaster

Mortar applied to wall surfaces as a preparation or a hard finish coat.

Cement Mortar

A proportioned mixture of cement, fine aggregate and water.

Scratch Coat

First binding coat in a three-coat job plastering.

Brown Coat

Second straightening coat in a three-coat job plastering.

Finish

Final coat in a three-coat job plastering.

Lime Plaster

Lime putty (hydrated lime and water), mixed on the job with sand and gypsum plaster, used for two and three-coat finish surfaces for interior walls and ceilings.

Gypsum Plaster

Plaster of Paris mixed with clay, lime and other materials in combinations covered by trademarks or patents. Mixed on the job with water, sand, lime putty, hair or fiber for two or three-coat finish surfaces for interior walls and ceilings; or used dry as ingredient for hard or sand float finish with lime plaster.

High-Strength Gypsum Plaster

Same as gypsum plaster but mixed to meet established standards. Mixed on the job with water, sand, lime putty, hair or fiber for two and three-coat finish surfaces for both exteriors and interiors.

Fibered Gypsum Plaster

Gypsum plaster premixed with fibers. Mixed on the job with water and sand for scratch coat for three-coat plastering job.

Prepared Gypsum Plaster

Gypsum plaster mixed with fine white sand. Used for two and three-coat finish surfaces for interior walls and ceilings.

Bonding Plaster

Gypsum plaster mixed with ingredients develop more adhesive strength in combinations covered by trademarks or patents. Used for interior finish for smooth concrete walls or ceilings.

Lightweight Gypsum Plaster

Gypsum plaster mixed on the job with water, perlite, vermiculite or other suitable mineral aggregate. Used when weight is important, and for fire-proofing other materials such as steel.

Keene's Cement

Plaster of Paris mixed with alum or borax or other materials and burned (calcined) at 932 Deg F. Mixed on the job with water, lime putty and fine white sand as hard finish for two and three-coat gypsum plaster.

Acoustics plaster

Plaster used for acoustic treatment of interior walls and ceilings. Applied on gypsum plaster base coats.

Portland Cement Plaster

Mixed with water, sand and lime putty. Used for two and threecoat finish surfaces for exterior and interior walls and ceilings.

Sgraffito

Highly decorative type of plaster work developed in Italy during the Renaissance. This type of technique consists of applying two or three thin coats of plaster different colors and then cutting away certain areas of one or two coats to produce a three-dimensional colored design.

Masonry

A built-up construction or combination of building materials as clay, concrete, or stone set in mortar; or plain concrete.

Bed

The horizontal surfaces on which the stones or bricks of walls lie in the courses.

Course

A continuous layer of bricks, stones, or other masonry.

Wythe or Tier

Each continuous, vertical section of the wall, one masonry unit thick.

Bond

That connection between bricks, stones or other masonry units formed by lapping them one upon another carrying up the work, so as to form an inseparable mass of building, by preventing the vertical joints falling over each other (also called a breaking joint).

Stretcher

A brick or block masonry laid lengthwise of a wall.

Header

A brick or block masonry extending over the thickness of the wall.

Heading Course

A course in which the bricks or other masonry units are all headers.

Soldier

A unit laid on its end with its face perpendicular to the face of the wall.

Quoins

The corner stones at the angles of buildings, usually rusticated so as to project from the normal surface of the wall.

Bond Stones

Stones running through the thickness of the wall at right angles to its face, in order to bind it together.

Blocking Course

A course of stones placed on top of cornice crowning the walls.

Rubble Stone

Stone delivered from the quarries characterized by rough and irregular shape.

Dimension Stone

Stone cut into specific size, squared to dimensions, and to a specific thickness.

Rubble Work

Masonry of rough, undressed stones.

Scabbled Rubble

Masonry of rough, undressed stones where only the roughest irregularities are knocked off.

Range Rubble

Masonry of rough, undressed stones where the stones in each course are rudely dressed to a nearly uniform height.

Random Work

Masonry of stones fitted together at random without any attempt to lay them in course.

Ashlar

Squared stones in regular courses, in contradistinction to rubble work.

Coursed Ashlar

Uniform courses with stones uniform in size.

Broken Range Ashlar

Course laid with the horizontal joints uninterrupted but the width of the courses and the length of the stones are varied to produce a wall with a less regular pattern.

Random Course

Masonry of stones in rectangular shape and laid on horizontal beds but no effort is made to continue the horizontal beds through in an uninterrupted manner. Large stones combine with small ones in a convenient and, if possible, an interesting manner.

Rustic Work

Courses of stone face which is jagged, so as to present a rough surface.

Rustication

Occurs when heavier stones or areas of stone project from the normal face of the surrounding wall or of the joint themselves.

Brick

A structural unit of clay or shale formed while plastic and subsequently fired.

Common (Building) Brick

Type of brick used for all purposes, including facing.

Facing Brick

Type of brick specially processed to give certain specific surface characteristics. Used for exposed masonry surfaces.

Glazed Brick

Type of brick having a smooth outer surface with a dull satin or high gloss finish. They are load bearing, fire resisting, and impervious. They are usually formed with vertical hollow cores through the body with scoring on the back.

Fire (Refractory) Brick

Type of brick ordinarily made from a mixture of flint clay and plastic clay, and are used for the lining of furnaces, fireplaces, and chimneys

Common Bond

Brick work that consists of five stretcher courses and then a header course. It is generally begun with a row of headers at the bottom course.

English Bond

Brick work that consists of alternate courses of stretchers and headers.

Flemish Bond

Brick work that consists of alternate headers and stretchers in each course.

Herringbone

Brick work where bricks are laid diagonally to form a herringbone pattern.

Concrete Hollow Block (CHB)

A hollow masonry unit, with two or three cells or cores, made of the following ingredients: water, Portland cement, and various types of aggregate such as sand, gravel, and crushed stone.

Durisol Block

Lightweight block made from fiber and cement.

Plaster Block

Also known as gypsum partition blocks, are usually made of gypsum, vegetable fibers as binders, and reinforcement. Used for lightweight, fire-resistant interior partitions and for furring and fireproofing columns.

Structural Clay Tile

Hollow masonry units, open at two ends with interior webs or partitions 19mm (¾") to 25mm (1") dividing the block into longitudinal cells.