Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standard PAES 401:2001 - Housing for Swine Production

Vocabulary and technical specifications from the PAES 401:2001 standard for swine housing, covering definitions, systems, and structural requirements.

PAES 401:2001

The specific Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standard detailing requirements for Agricultural Structures – Housing for Swine Production.

Boar

A male breeding swine which is at least $8$ months old.

Creep area

A specific place for piglets inside the farrowing pen.

Culling rate

The rate of removing undesirable or unproductive animals within the herd.

Dry sows

Unbred sows which have just been weaned, or non-pregnant sows.

Farrowing

The act of giving birth in swine.

Farrowing pen

An area in which a sow is confined during farrowing and lactation periods, designed such that the sow can turn around.

Farrowing stall (farrowing crate)

A device in which a sow is confined during farrowing and lactation periods which prevents the sow from turning around.

Fattener

Swine raised for meat production, usually starting at $15\,kg$.

Finisher

Swine which are $66\,kg$ and up.

Gilt

A female swine that has not farrowed.

Grower

Swine weighing from $40$ to $65\,kg$.

Litter

A group of piglets born in one farrowing.

Litter index (farrowing index)

The average number of farrowings of one sow per year.

Occupancy

The number of days an animal stays in a pen.

Sow

Any breeding female pig that has farrowed.

Weaner (weanling)

A piglet that has been recently separated from its mother.

One-unit system

A housing system where sows are removed when piglets reach weaning age, but pigs remain in the same building from farrowing until slaughter weight.

Two-unit system

A system where sows and piglets stay in the farrowing house until weaning, after which weanlings are transferred to a growing-finishing house.

Three-unit system

A system where piglets move from the farrowing house to a nursery house, and finally to a growing-finishing unit after weaning.

Four-unit system

A system where piglets move from the farrowing house to a nursery house, then a growing house, and finally a finishing house.

Semi-monitor, semi-shed, monitor, double span, and shed

The five specific types of roofs identified for swine housing.

Skid-resistant with $2\%-4\%$ slope

The required surface texture and slope for solid concrete floors, directed away from the feeding trough.

$$2.4\,m$$

The minimum required ceiling height for swine housing if a ceiling is provided.

$$1\,m$$

The minimum required height for building sidewalls and the standard height for sow pen partitions.

$$18\,mm - 25\,mm$$

The recommended slat width for farrowing sows and piglets (up to $30\,kg$).

$$10\,mm - 20\,mm$$

The recommended slat spacing for finishers.

$$27^{\circ}C - 35^{\circ}C$$

The required temperature range provided by heaters in creep areas for newborn pigs until they are $3$ days old.

$$762\,mm$$

The height at which heat lamps shall be placed above the floor.

$$0.28\,m^3/min$$

The minimum ventilation rate under normal conditions for a farrowing unit (sow and litter) and breeding/gestating pens.

$$35^{\circ}C$$

The maximum recommended temperature for newborn piglets in still air.