DNA Extraction Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards related to DNA extraction from blood, covering methods, materials, and quality assessment.

DNA Extraction

The process of isolating DNA from a cell.

Friedrich Miescher

Credited with the first DNA extraction in 1869 from white blood cells, calling the substance 'nuclein'.

Specimen Labeling

Patient name, date of birth, medical record number, specimen type, collection date and time, and requested tests.

EDTA tubes

Lavender-top tubes recommended for blood samples in DNA extraction.

DNAse-RNase free

All materials used in molecular techniques should be free of DNAse and RNase.

Inorganic Isolation Methods

Solution-based DNA isolation methods, also known as salting out.

Organic Isolation Methods

Chemical-based DNA isolation using phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol.

Column-Based Isolation Methods

A solid-phase isolation method: DNA adsorbs to the silica membrane.

Magnetic Isolation Methods

A DNA isolation method utilizing magnetic beads.

RBCs

Red Blood Cells: Must be lysed and removed first during DNA extraction from blood because they are non-nucleated.

Buffy coat

Contains concentrated WBCs after blood sample collection and centrifugation.

Isopropanol

Added to precipitate DNA in DNA extraction.

70% Ethanol

Used for DNA washing to remove salts.

DNA Rehydration

Process of adding DNAse-RNase free water or rehydration solution to DNA pellets.

UV Spectrophotometry

A method for assessing DNA quantity and quality based on light absorbance at 260 nm (DNA) and 280 nm (proteins).

Agarose gel electrophoresis

A method for assessing DNA.

O.D260/O.D280

Purity calculation: Good quality DNA = 1.7-2.0 (lower indicates presence of proteins).

O.D260/O.D230

Purity calculation: Good quality DNA = 1.5-2.0 (lower indicates presence of salts).