Anatomy and Physiology- Unit 1 Integumentary System

Epidermis

Outer layer, composed of stratified squamous epithelium

Dermis

Inner layer, thicker than epidermis, connective tissue, blood, nervous tissue

Hypodermis

Areolar and adipose, contains blood vessels that supply skin

How many layers of the epidermis are there?

5

What is abbreviation to remember the 5 layers of epidermis?

Chloe Loves Going Snow Boarding

Stratum Corneum: FUNCTION

Outer surface, tightly packed, they are heavily kertainied flattened and dead. Works as a physical barrier

Stratum Corneum: LOCATION

Outer most layer of the epidermis

What type of epidermis tissue sheds its skin surface?

Stratum Corneum

Stratum Lucidum: FUNCTION

Additional layer of keratinized cells that increases protection from mechanical and chemical wear

Stratum Lucidum: LOCATION

Palms and soles of feet

Stratum Granulosum: FUNCTION

Keratinization starts to produce water proof keratin cells

Stratum Granulosum: LOCATION

Third layer in epidermis

Stratum Spinosum: FUNCTION

As cells grow in the Stratum Basale they migrate towards the Stratum Spinosum

Stratum Spinosum: LOCATION

4th layer in the epidermis

Stratum Basale: FUNCTION

Deepest layer and is nourished by the blood vessels in dermis. Rapidly diving cells

Stratum Basale: LOCATION

5th, deepest layer of the epidermis

What layer of epidermis tissue is the youngest and divides rapidly?

Stratum Basale

What are the 3 special cells of the epidermis?

Dendritic, Tactile, melanocytes

Dendritic Cells: FUNCTION

Contain phagocytes and takes them to lymphatic system. Also protects skin and underlying tissues from infection

Phagocytes

Engulfs foreign debris and takes them to lymphatic system

Dendritic Cells: LOCATION (in epidermis)

Stratum Spinosum

Tactile Cells: FUNCTION

Acts as sensory receptors for light touch and pressure

Tactile Cells: LOCATION

Stratum Basale

Melanocytes: FUNCTION

Produces pigment melanin

Melanocytes: LOCATION

Stratum Basale

Melanin: FUNCTION

Absorbs UV light from sunlight and provides skin color

TRUE OR FALSE: The more melanin a person is the more darker their skin color is

TRUE

What are the two types of melanin?

Eumelanin and Pheumelanin

Eumelanin

Brown to black pigment produced by melanocytes in your skin, hair, and eyes

Pheomelanin

Reddish-yellow pigment found in certain areas like the lips produced by melanocytes

What is the major function of the integumentary system?

Thermoregulation

Thermoregulation

Maintaining a constant internal body temperature despite external temperature fluctuations

How does the hair follicle play a role in controlling body temperature in hot conditions?

Arrector pili muscles attached to the hair follicle relaxes increasing airflow and heat loss

How does the hair follicle play a role in controlling body temperature in cold conditions?

Arrector pili muscles attached to the body follicle constricts reducing airflow and heat loss

What muscle does each hair follicle have?

Arrector pili muscles

What function lets your sweat glands cool your body?

Evaporative cooling

Why does the body shiver?

To produce heat to maintain thermoregulation

Which layers in the integumentary system are blood vessels found?

Mainly in Dermis and Hypodermis

What happens to blood vessels as your body temperature increases?

Vasodilation

What happens to blood vessels as your body temperature decreases?

Vasoconstriction

Vasodilation

Blood vessels connected to arteries dilate allowing heat loss

Vasoconstriction

Blood vessels constrict to reserve body heat

What is the structure found in the hypodermis that helps conserve body heat?

Adipose

What are the two important things that skin produces that are associated with sunlight?

Vitamin D and melanin

What layer of the integumentary system is associated with the production of melanin and vitamin D?

Epidermis

What substance absorbs UV radiation?

Melanin

How does UV radiation that is not reflected or absorbed by melanin affect skin cells?

Causes mutations that may lead to tumors and cancer

Why can’t microbes penetrate the skin?

The stratum corneum contains tough, water repelling keratin proteins that make it difficult to penetrate

How does the dermis prevent microbes from growing there?

Glands in the dermis secrete substances to slow bacterial growth until the phagocytes come and engulf them

Dermis: FUNCTION

Inner layer of skin, contains blood vessels that supply nutrients

What are the accessory organs for the dermis? (3)

Hair follicles, sweat, and sebaceous gland

What are the two sensory receptors in the dermis?

Hair follicles, sweat, and sebaceous gland

How many layers are in the Dermis?

2

What are the 2 layers of the dermis?

Papillary & Reticular Layer

Which layer in the dermis contains blood vessels and neurons?

Papillary Layer

Dermal papillae: FUNCTION

Forms fingerprints

Dermal papillae: LOCATION

Papillary Layer

Which layer of the dermis contains dense irregular connective tissue?

Reticular layer

Which dermis layer contains collagen and elastin fibers?

Reticular layer

Which layer of the dermis contains muscles/hair follicles?

Reticular Layer

Tackle corpuscles is located in which of the dermis layers?

Papillary Layer

Lamellated corpuscles is located in which dermis layer?

Reticular layer

What are the 3 parts of the hair follicle?

Hair root, Hair shaft, Hair bulb

What part of the hair is this?

Hair follicle

What part of the hair follicle is this?

Shaft

What part of the hair follicle is this?

Bulb

What part of the hair follicle is this?

Root

Hair Matrix

Region of hair where cell division happens

What are the 4 types of glands in the dermis?

Sebaceous, Suduriferous, Ceruminous, Mammary

Sebaceous Glands: FUNCTION

Produces sebum & fatty material to keep hair and skin soft and waterproof

TRUE OR FALSE: Excess sebum results to acne

TRUE

Where are sebaceous glands not found on?

Palm and soles of feet

Sebaceous Glands are associated with…

Hair follicles

What is the composition of sweat?

Water, salt, and urea (urine)

Suduriferous glands are also referred to as…

Sweat glands

What type of glands are these?

Suduriferous gland

What are the two types of sweat glands?

Merocrine and Apocrine

Merocrine sweat gland (eccrine): FUNCTION

Produces sweat in response to increase body temp

Merocrine sweat glands: LOCATION

Neck, back, forehead

What sweat gland is this?

Merocrine sweat gland

TRUE OR FALSE: The Merocrine sweat glands also release sweat on palms and soles during emotional stress

TRUE

Apocrine Sweat Glands: FUNCTION

Release sweat during emotional stress, fear, pain contains proteins and lipids

What are the 2 types of specialized sweat glands?

Ceruminous and Mammary Glands

Ceruminous gland is the…

Ear wax

Mammary glands produce…

Milk

What sweat gland is this?

Apocrine Sweat Glands

Hypodermis is made up of what two connective tissues?

Adipose and Areolar

Which dermis layer contains collagen and elastin fibers?

Reticular

Duct

Tube from gland to pore

Pore

Opening at surface of skin where sweat is released