AP World History | Chapter 13 NOTES

Chapter 13 Geography =

Chapter 13 geography is located in the Easter hemisphere. For example, the chapter 13 textbook stated it is specifically in East Asia, China.

AP World History timeline =

The AP World History timeline is consists of 3 periods. For example, the 3 periods includes the Ancient Period, classical Period, and the postclassical period.

What East Asian History should you know so far?

Some East Asian History you should know is the difference between centralized and decentralized rule, the warring states period , and the definition of mandate of heaven. For example you should know about the classical period and the three kingdom period in china, oif they are centralized or decentralized.

What is Mandate of Heaven?

God given right to rule.

What was the warring states period in china? When did it start and when did it end?

The Warring States Period (475–221 BCE) was when many Chinese states fought each other. It ended when the Qin state won and started the Qin Dynasty. During this time, important ideas like Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism became popular.

What was the Eight Kingdom War?

The War of the Eight Princes (291–306 CE) was when eight royal family members fought each other for power in the Western Jin dynasty. It weakened the government and led to chaos in northern China.

All Dynasty in order =

Shang Dynasty—> (1600 BCE to 1046 BCE) —> Zhou Dynasty (1046 BCE to 256 BCE) Qin Dynasty (221 BCE to 206 BCE) —> Han Dynasty (206 BCE to 220 CE)—> Sui Dynasty (581 CE to 618 CE) —> Tang Dynasty (618 CE to 907 CE)—> Song Dynasty (960 CE to 1279 CE.) 

What was life like in China after the fall of the Han Dynasty?

After the fall of the Han Dynasty, there was three regional kingdoms at war. For example, China was decentralized and each regions tried centralized political power.

Who is Yang Jian and why is he important?

Yang Jian is a ambitious ruler who had a goal of centralized rule. For example, he is important because in the 6th century he embarked an a series of military campaigns and also established the Sui dynasty (589-618 C.E.)

What is the Grand Canal? Who Built it? What was the purpose of it?

The Grand Canal is artificial waterway, man made body of water. For example, it was built by the Sui Dynasty from the second emperor Sui Yangdi, also it was made to facilitate trade in the North and South.

What are the causes of the fall of the Sui dynasty?

The fall of the Sui Dynasty is caused by internal problems. For example, the Grand Canal conscripted and had high taxes, which led to the rebellions, while the conflict of China and Korea led to the assassinated of the Sui Emperor.

What is the Tang Dynasty and how was it established?

The Tang Dynasty is the second postclassical Chinese state. For example, it was established by a rebel leader who seized the Sui dynasty capital and became the Tang Dynasty in 618-907 C.E.

Who is Tang Taizong and why is he important?

Tang Taizong was the second emperor of the Tang Dynasty and a confucian ruler. For example, he was important because most of Tang’s Dynasty success was from Tang Taizong’s ability.

What are the three policies that allowed the Tang Dynasty to flourish?

The three policies that allowed the Tang Dynasty to flourish were the equal field system, he civil service exams, and the building of the canals. For example, the civil service exams let smart men earn government jobs by passinng the tests.

What is the equal field system? What problems did it eventually faced?

The equal field system gave land fairly to farmers based on family size. For example, bigger families get more land, then, rich families kept land, and eventually led the official to be corrupted.

What is the Bureaucracy of Merit?

A Bureaucracy of Merit is a government system where officials are chosen based on their abilities and knowledge. For example the Tang Dynasty , people passed civil service exam to earn government jobs.

What was military expansion like in the Tang Dynasty?

The Military expansion like in the Tang Dynasty was strong and successful. For example, they conquered many lands, brought Manchuria under imperial rule.

What are tributary relationships?

Tributary relationships are having neighboring lands that recognize Chinese emperors as their overlord. For example, this wold usually result in these states giving gifts to them.

What are the causes of the full of the Tang Dynasty?

Some causes that caused the fall of the Tang dynasty was the causal and careless leaderships. For example, the emperor had neglected public affairs in favor of his concubine, which caused a major rebellion.

What was China like politically after the fall of the Tang Dynasty?

After the fall of the Tang Dynasty, China was politically ruled by warlords, For instance, these warlords used to be people from the Tang Military, in which it made China decentralized with different rulers, trying to take over it.

Who is Song Taizu and why is he important?

Song Taizu was the first emperor of the Song Dynasty (960 - 1279 C.E), he became the emperor due to his honesty and effective. He was important because he reunited China after many years.

How did Song Taizu treat his military?

The way Song Taizu treated his military was that he let the current military to retire. The reason behind this is that he didn’t ant anyone to replace him

How Did Song Taizu treat his State officals?

The way Song Taizu treated his state officials is by increasing their salaries. In addition to this, he also allowed them to run the Dynasty’s military.

What financial problems did the Song Dynasty face?

Some financial problems that the Song Dynasty faced was not having enough money to pay the bureaucrats, since he raised their salary. In addition to this, it caused the increase in taxes on their people

How did Chinese peasant react to the Song Dynasties financial problems?

The way Chinese peasants react to the Song Dynasties financial problems was with unpleased. This is because it made them have to pay for more taxes, which eventually led to s rebellion

What military problems did the Song Dynasty face?

The military problems that Song Dynasty faced were a weak military weak team, as they were ran by bureaucrats that didn’t know how to use weapons. Also, they were being attacked by outsiders, while having a weak team

Who are Khitan? Who are Jurchen? How did they impact the Song Dynasty?

The Khitan are semi-nomadic peoples in the Norther side of China, while Jurchen are nomadic people also from the north. Both Khitan and Jurchen impacted the Song Dynasty negatively, as one asked for tribute, while the other conquered their capital

What happened to the Song Dynasty in 1279 C.E.?

In 1279 C.E., the Song Dynasty was conquered by the Mongols. In addition, the mongols turned the Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty

What are the causes of the fall of the Song Dynasty?

The causes of the fall of the song Dynasty were both internal and external problems. For instance, one of the internal problem, the financial problem, which increased taxes, and because of this it caused the peasants to rebell against the officials. Also one of the external problems were that they were being raided by Jurchen people, while having a weak military team, which led to their original capital to be capture

Why did the Chinese Armies venture into Korea and Vietnam?

The reason Chinese armies venture into Korea and Vietnam is that the Tang dynasty wanted to expand it’s territories. For instace, the Tang’s emperor wanted ti imperial rule it’s dynasty by trying to expand it

What is the Silla Dynasty and what happened to it in the seventh century?

The Silla Dynasty was a state located on the Native Korean peninsula. During the seventh century, the Tang armies conquered large parts of the Korea n Peninsula, also conquering te Silla’s dynasty force

What political compromise did the Tang Dynasty make with the Silla Dynasty

The Political compromise that the Tang Dynasty make with the Silla Dynasty was that they withdraw from the Korean Peninsula, but strings attached to the Empire, as they want the ruler to recognize them. Because of this, thy allowed them to trade

How did China’s tributary relationship with the Korea peninsula impact Korea?

China’s tributary relationships with the Korea peninsula impacted Korea in many ways. They built relationships through sending gifts to each other and because of this, China allowed Korea merchants to trade on their territories

How did China influence Korea in regards to education and religion?

China Influence Korea’s education and religion by adding the confucian education system, which helped established scholar bureaucrats. In addition, Korea was inspired by China’s Buddism, which led to them creating the Cnan Buddism.

Despite their many Chinese influence, how did Korea differ from China?

Despite of the many Chinese influence, kKorea is different from China’s political system. Korea’s political power were only allowed to wealthy families., while they did not use the bureaucracy merit from China

What is Nan Viet and what did the Tang Dynasty do there?

Non Viet are native Vietnam peoples. The Tang Dynasty wanted to conquered Vietnam to expand their empire even more

What did Vietnames people adopt from China?

The things that Vietnames people adopted from China were their agriculture methods and irrigation system. Also they wanted to adopt China’s administration techniques.

What did Nam Viet do in the tenth century when the Tang Dynasty fell?

The things that Name Viet did in the tenth century when the Tang Dynasty fell were that they win their independence and resist. After they won their independence, they started ti imperial rule their empire.

Despite their many Chinese influences, how did Nam Viet differ from China?

Despite of the many Chinese influence , Nam Viet was different from China in different ways. For example, they maintained their indigenous religion were matriarchy, rather than being patriarchy

In regards to their relationships with China, how did Japan differ from Korea and Vietnam?

Japan is different from Korea and Vietnam because they were no imperial expansion. For your information, China did not invaded or conquest Japan at all.

Who were the earliest inhabitants of Japan?

Nomadic migrants were the earliest inhabitant ofJapan, 35,000 years ago. In addition to this, these people brought language, culture, and religions. Also, those who migrated from Korean Peninsula brought agriculture, Iron metallurgy and horses

What was Early Japan like?

Early Japan was small and it was a decentralized state, created a place for migrants to settle. However, it was later dominated by aristocratic clans, which are wealthy families.

What is the Nara period and what was it like?

The Nara period was Japan’s first early state, that was created by Nara aristocratic clans. In addition, it became a centralized state, that replica the Tang capital, adopted the equal field system, and adopting China’s culture of confucianism and Buddism

Despite their influence from China, how did Japan differ in regards to religion?

Despite their influence from China, Japan was different in regards to religion because they adopted the origin of Buddism, which were from Indian. For example, they used indigenous religion to turn it into veneration of a nature spirits ancestors and deities, making them polytheistic

What did the emperor of Japan do in 794 C.E.?

In 794 C.E., Japan’s emperor transferred their imperial capital from Meian to Heian. this caused a emergence of the Heian period

How was Japan Ruled politically in the Heian period?

In the Heian Period, Japan ruled politically by letting aristocratic clans ruled the empire. For instance, they given the Fujiwara clan real political powers.

What is The Tale Of Genji and why is it important?

The Tale of Genji is a novel written by Mursaki Shukbu in the Heian Japan. It was important because it was written by a woman in Japanese, back then woman tend to have no formal of Chinese education, so seeing a writing in a language that no one had seen before, made it surprising, which later on became their main language

What are the causes of the decline of the Heian period?

The causes of the decline of the Heian period was by three main internal problems. This includes the failure of the equal field system, dominate over land between Taira and Minamoto, and lastly a civil war break.

What two periods made up Medieval Japan?

The Two periods that makes up medieval Japan were the Kamakura (1185-1333 C.E. ) and Muromachi Period (1333-1573)

Japanese History so far =

The Japanese history we know so fat is that many migrants came from Northeast China and the Korean Peninsula. Also there are two periods of Japan, which are the Classical period, including the Nara and Heian period, the postclassical period which is the medieval japan, was made up the Kamakura period and Muromachi period.