Reproduction in Plants & Humans

Flashcards covering key concepts related to reproduction in plants and humans.

What is asexual reproduction?

A process resulting in genetically identical offspring from one parent without involving sex cells or fertilisation.

What is binary fission?

A type of asexual reproduction in which bacteria produce exact genetic copies of themselves.

What are bulbs and tubers?

Food storage organs in plants that can produce new plants asexually, genetically identical to the parent.

What are the advantages of asexual reproduction in wild species?

Rapid population growth, exploitation of suitable environments quickly, and more time-efficient reproduction.

What are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction in wild species?

Limited genetic variation leading to vulnerability to environmental changes and disease.

What is sexual reproduction?

A process involving the fusion of gametes to form a zygote, resulting in genetically diverse offspring.

What is a gamete?

A sex cell; in animals, it refers to sperm and ovum, while in plants it refers to pollen nucleus and ovum.

What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells?

Haploid cells contain half the number of chromosomes (gametes), while diploid cells have two copies (normal body cells).

What is pollination?

The transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma, which is distinct from fertilisation.

What structure in the male reproductive system produces sperm?

The testis.

What is the function of the prostate gland?

It produces fluid called semen to provide sperm cells with nutrients.

What hormone is responsible for inducing ovulation in females?

Luteinizing Hormone (LH).

What is the role of oestrogen in the menstrual cycle?

It causes the uterine wall to thicken and helps in maturing the egg in the ovary.

What is the gestation period for humans?

Approximately 9 months.

What role does the placenta serve during pregnancy?

It facilitates the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the mother and the fetus.

How does HIV affect the immune system?

It infects and reduces the number of lymphocytes, impairing the body's ability to fight infections.

What are the best practices to control the spread of STIs?

Limit sexual partners, use condoms, get tested after potential exposure, and promote education.