EMT CHp 20 & 21

Proper procedure for administering oral glucose to a patient includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

A. assessing the patient's mental status.

B. checking the medication's expiration date.

C. ensuring the absence of a gag reflex.

D. requesting permission from medical control.

C. ensuring the absence of a gag reflex

In contrast to type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes:

A. is commonly diagnosed in children and young adults.

B. occurs when antibodies attack insulin-producing cells.

C. is caused by a complete lack of insulin in the body.

D. is caused by resistance to insulin at the cellular level.

D. is caused by resistance to insulin at the cellular level

A 28-year-old female patient is found to be responsive to verbal stimuli only. Her roommate states that she was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and has had difficulty controlling her blood sugar level. She further tells you that the patient has been urinating excessively and has progressively worsened over the last 24 to 36 hours. On the basis of this patient's clinical presentation, you should suspect that she:

A. has overdosed on her insulin.

B. has a low blood glucose level.

C. is significantly hyperglycemic.

D. has a urinary tract infection

C. is significantly hyperglycemic

The normal blood glucose level is between:

A. 80 and 120 mg/dL.

B. 130 and 150 mg/dL.

C. 160 and 200 mg/dL.

D. 60 and 80 mg/dL.

A. 80 and 120 mg/dL

You respond to a movie theater for a 70-year-old male who is confused. His wife tells you he has type 2 diabetes but refuses to take his pills. Your assessment reveals that the patient is diaphoretic, tachycardic, and tachypneic. Initial management for this patient should include:

A. administering one to two tubes of oral glucose.

B. performing a rapid exam and obtaining vital signs.

C. assisting the patient with his diabetic medication.

D. applying a nonrebreathing mask at 15 L/min.

D. applying a nonrebreathing masks at 15 L/min

Common signs and symptoms of severe hyperglycemia include all of the following, EXCEPT:

A. cool, clammy skin.

B. warm, dry skin.

C. rapid, thready pulse.

D. acetone breath odor.

A. cool, clammy skin

In general, oral glucose should be given to any patient who:

A. has a blood glucose level that is less than 100 mg/dL.

B. has documented hypoglycemia and an absent gag reflex.

C. has an altered mental status and a history of diabetes.

D. is unresponsive, even in the absence of a history of diabetes.

C. has an altered mental status and a history of diabetes

A 50-year-old man with diabetes has an altered mental status and is unable to tell you when he last ate or took his insulin. Your glucometer keeps malfunctioning and you are unable to determine his blood glucose level. Which of the following clinical signs would MOST likely lead you to the correct diagnosis?

A. Rapid and weak pulse

B. Restlessness and irritability

C. Deep and rapid breathing

D. Hypotension and tachycardia

C. deep and rapid breathing

Symptomatic hypoglycemia will MOST likely develop if a patient:

A. misses one or two prescribed insulin injections.

B. takes too much of his or her prescribed insulin.

C. markedly overeats and misses an insulin dose.

D. eats a regular meal followed by mild exertion.

B. takes too much of his or her prescribed insulin

You respond to a residence for a patient who is "not acting right." As you approach the door, the patient, a 35-year-old male, begins shouting profanities at you and your partner while holding a baseball bat. The man is confused and diaphoretic, and is wearing a medical identification bracelet. You should:

A. contact medical control for instructions.

B. calm him down so you can assess him.

C. be assertive and talk the patient down.

D. retreat at once and call law enforcement.

D. retreat at once and call law enforcement

When assessing an unresponsive diabetic patient, the primary visible difference between hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia is the:

A. rate and depth of breathing.

B. presence of a medical identification tag.

C. patient's mental status.

D. rate of the patient's pulse.

A. rate and depth of breathing

A 31-year-old male with a history of diabetes had a seizure that stopped prior to EMS arrival. He is unresponsive and has rapid, shallow breathing. His pulse is rapid and weak, and his skin is cyanotic. The EMT should:

A. assist the patient's ventilations with a bag-valve mask.

B. place a thin layer of oral glucose between his cheek and gums.

C. administer oxygen by nasal cannula and assess his blood glucose level.

D. position the patient on his side and give oxygen via nonrebreathing mask.

A. assist the patient's ventilations with a bag-valve mask

Classic signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include:

A. cool, clammy skin; weakness; tachycardia; and rapid respirations.

B. cold, clammy skin; bradycardia; hunger; and deep, rapid respirations.

C. warm, dry skin; hunger; abdominal pain; and deep, slow respirations.

D. warm, dry skin; irritability; bradycardia; and rapid respirations.

A. cool, clammy skin; weakness; tachycardia; and rapid respirations

Diabetes is MOST accurately defined as a(n):

A. lack of insulin production in the pancreas.

B. abnormally high blood glucose level.

C. mass excretion of glucose by the kidneys.

D. disorder of glucose metabolism.

D. disorder of glucose metabolism

A 66-year-old woman experienced a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She has a history of type 2 diabetes and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). On the basis of her medical history, which of the following should the EMT suspect?

A. Diabetic ketoacidosis

B. Severe hypoglycemia

C. Pulmonary embolism

D. Congestive heart failure

C. Pulmonary embolism

Glipizide, a non-insulin-type medication, is another name for:

A. Glucophage.

B. Diabinese.

C. Micronase.

D. Glucotrol.

D. Glucotrol

In contrast to hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia:

A. commonly results in excess water retention.

B. is rapidly reversible if oral glucose is given.

C. is a rapidly developing metabolic disturbance.

D. can only be corrected in the hospital setting.

D. can only be corrected in the hospital setting

Patients with uncontrolled diabetes experience polyuria because:

A. low blood glucose levels result in cellular dehydration.

B. they drink excess amounts of water due to dehydration.

C. excess glucose in the blood is excreted by the kidneys.

D. high blood sugar levels cause permanent kidney damage

C. excess glucose in the blood is excreted by the kidneys

A 75-year-old male with type 1 diabetes presents with chest pain and a general feeling of weakness. He tells you that he took his insulin today and ate a regular meal approximately 2 hours ago. You should treat this patient as though he is experiencing:

A. hyperglycemia.

B. a heart attack.

C. an acute stroke.

D. hypoglycemia

B. a heart attack

Hemoglobin is:

A. essential for the formation of clots, such as when vessel damage occurs.

B. a key component of the blood and is produced in response to an infection.

C. the fluid portion of the blood that transports cells throughout the body.

D. found within the red blood cells and is responsible for carrying oxygen.

D. found within the red blood cells and is responsible for carrying oxygen

Insulin functions in the body by:

A. increasing circulating blood glucose.

B. enabling glucose to enter the cells.

C. producing new glucose as needed.

D. metabolizing glucose to make energy.

B. enabling glucose to enter the cells

A 42-year-old male is found unresponsive on his couch by a neighbor. During your assessment, you find no signs of trauma, and the patient's blood glucose level is 75 mg/dL. His blood pressure is 168/98 mm Hg, his heart rate is 45 beats/min and bounding, and his respirations are 8 breaths/min and irregular. The patient is wearing a medical alert bracelet that states he has hemophilia. You should:

A. suspect that he has intracranial bleeding, assist his ventilations, and transport rapidly to an appropriate hospital.

B. suspect that he has internal bleeding and is in shock, administer high-flow oxygen, and transport at once.

C. administer high-flow oxygen, perform a detailed secondary assessment at the scene, and transport promptly.

D. administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, apply oral glucose in between his cheek and gum, and transport.

A. suspect that he has intracranial bleeding, assist his ventilations, and transport radpialy to an appropriate hospital

A 29-year-old female presents with confusion and disorientation. Her respirations are rapid and shallow, and her pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. She is markedly diaphoretic and has an oxygen saturation of 89%. You should:

A. treat her for hyperglycemia.

B. administer oral glucose.

C. provide ventilatory support.

D. transport immediately.

C. provide ventilatory support

Assessment of a patient with hypoglycemia will MOST likely reveal:

A. sunken eyes.

B. combativeness.

C. hyperactivity.

D. warm, dry skin.

B. combativeness

Diabetic ketoacidosis occurs when:

A. the pancreas produces excess insulin.

B. the cells rapidly metabolize glucose.

C. blood glucose levels rapidly fall.

D. insulin is not available in the body.

D. insulin is not available in the body

When obtaining a SAMPLE history from a patient with diabetes who has an altered mental status, it would be MOST important to determine:

A. if he or she has had any recent illnesses or excessive stress.

B. if there is a family history of diabetes or related conditions.

C. the name of the physician who prescribed his or her insulin.

D. approximately how much water the patient drank that day.

A. if he or she has had any recent illnesses or excessive stress

To which of the following diabetic patients should you administer oral glucose?

A. A confused 55-year-old male with tachycardia and pallor

B. An unconscious 33-year-old male with cool, clammy skin

C. A semiconscious 40-year-old female without a gag reflex

D. A conscious 37-year-old female with nausea and vomiting

A. A confused 55-year old male with tachycardia and pallor

You are treating a 40-year-old male with a documented blood sugar reading of 480 mg/dL. The patient is semiconscious and breathing shallowly, and is receiving assisted ventilation from your partner. You should recognize that definitive treatment for this patient includes:

A. oxygen.

B. glucagon.

C. insulin.

D. dextrose.

C. insulin

Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct?

A. Most cells will function normally without glucose.

B. The brain requires glucose as much as it requires oxygen.

C. Blood glucose levels decrease in the absence of insulin.

D. The brain requires insulin to allow glucose to enter the cells.

B. the brain requires glucose as much as it requires oxygen

Patients with type 2 diabetes usually control their disease with all of the following, EXCEPT:

A. tolbutamide (Orinase).

B. diet and exercise.

C. glyburide (Micronase).

D. supplemental insulin.

D. supplemental insulin

Type 1 diabetes:

A. is defined as a blood sugar level that is less than 120 mg/dL.

B. is a condition in which no insulin is produced by the body.

C. typically occurs in patients between 50 and 70 years of age.

D. is typically treated with medications such as metformin.

B. is a condition in which no insulin is produced by the body

Patients with thrombophilia are at an increased risk for:

A. acute arterial rupture.

B. pulmonary embolism.

C. hemorrhagic stroke.

D. various cancers.

A. acute arterial rupture

Which of the following statements regarding sickle cell disease is correct?

A. The red blood cells of patients with sickle cell disease are round and contain hemoglobin.

B. Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder that causes the blood to clot too quickly.

C. In sickle cell disease, the red blood cells are abnormally shaped and are less able to carry oxygen.

D. Because of their abnormal shape, red blood cells in patients with sickle cell disease are less apt to lodge in a blood vessel.

C. in sickle cell disease, the red blood cells are abnormally shaped and are less able to carry oxygen

Which of the following conditions is the diabetic patient at an increased risk of developing?

A. Depression

B. Blindness

C. Hepatitis B

D. Alcoholism

B. blindness

A man finds his 59-year-old wife unconscious on the couch. He states that she takes medications for type 2 diabetes. He further tells you that his wife has been ill recently and has not eaten for the past 24 hours. Your assessment reveals that the patient is unresponsive. You should:

A. administer oral glucose between her cheek and gum.

B. administer 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.

C. assess for the presence of a medical identification tag.

D. open and maintain her airway and assess breathing.

D. open and maintain her airway and assess breathing

Kussmaul respirations are an indication that the body is:

A. compensating for decreased blood glucose levels.

B. attempting to eliminate acids from the blood.

C. severely hypoxic and eliminating excess CO2.

D. trying to generate energy by breathing deeply.

B. attempting to eliminate acids from the blood

During your assessment of a 70-year-old woman, she tells you that she takes blood-thinning medication and has to wear compression stockings around her legs. This information should make you suspect that she has:

A. hemophilia

B. deep vein thrombosis.

C. severe hyperglycemia.

D. sickle-cell disease

B. deep vein thrombosis

Ketone production is the result of:

A. rapid entry of glucose across the cell membrane.

B. blood glucose levels higher than 120 mg/dL.

C. acidosis when blood glucose levels are low.

D. fat metabolization when glucose is unavailable

D. fat metabolization when glucose in unavailable

A 37-year-old female with a history of diabetes presents with excessive urination and weakness of 2 days' duration. Her blood glucose level reads 320 mg/dL. If this patient's condition is not promptly treated, she will MOST likely develop:

A. acidosis and dehydration.

B. hypoxia and overhydration.

C. severe insulin shock.

D. irreversible renal failure

A. acidosis and dehydration

A 19-year-old male complains of "not feeling right." His insulin and a syringe are on a nearby table. The patient says he thinks he took his insulin and cannot remember whether he ate. He is also unable to tell you the time or what day it is. The glucometer reads "error" after several attempts to assess his blood glucose level. You should:

A. contact medical control and administer oral glucose.

B. transport only with close, continuous monitoring en route.

C. request a paramedic ambulance to administer IV glucose.

D. assist him with his insulin injection and reassess him.

A. contact medical control and administer oral glucose

Which of the following would MOST likely provide clues regarding the source of a patient's allergic reaction?

A. The patient's family history

B. The environment in which the patient is found

C. The time of year in which the exposure occurred

D. The patient's general physical appearance

B. The environment in which the patient is found

The effects of epinephrine are typically observed within _________ following administration.

Select one:

A. 1 minute

B. 30 seconds

C. 30 minutes

D. 1 hour

A. 1 minute

Which of the following statements regarding fire ants is correct?

A. Fire ant bites rarely cause anaphylaxis.

B. Fire ants often bite a person repeatedly.

C. Most people are allergic to fire ant toxin.

D. Fire ant bites typically occur on the face.

B. fire ants often bite a person repeatedly

The foreign substance responsible for causing an allergic reaction is called a(n):

A. histamine.

B. antibody.

C. allergen.

D. leukotriene.

C. allergen

Urticaria is the medical term for:

A. hives.

B. a wheal.

C. swelling.

D. burning.

A. hives

Most patients who die of anaphylaxis do so within the first ____ minutes following exposure.

A. 30

B. 90

C. 60

D. 5

A. 30

Common signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction include all of the following, EXCEPT:

A. persistent dry cough.

B. abdominal cramps.

C. drying of the eyes.

D. flushing of the skin.

C. drying of the eyes

The adult epinephrine auto-injector delivers ______ mg of epinephrine, and the infant-child auto-injector delivers ______ mg.

A. 0.3; 0.15

B. 0.01; 0.1

C. 0.03; 0.3

D. 0.1; 0.01

A. 0.3; 0.15

A raised, swollen, well-defined area on the skin that is the result of an insect bite or sting called:

A. purpura.

B. a pustule.

C. a wheal.

D. urticaria.

C. a wheal

A 73-year-old man presents with a generalized rash, which he thinks may have been caused by an antibiotic that he recently began taking. He has a history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, and emphysema. He is conscious and alert, his blood pressure is 144/94 mm Hg, and his pulse is 64 beats/min and regular. You auscultate his breath sounds and hear scattered wheezing, although he is not experiencing respiratory distress. You should:

A. administer oxygen if needed, transport the patient, and monitor him for signs of deterioration.

B. begin transport and request to administer epinephrine if his systolic blood pressure falls below 110 mm Hg.

C. ask him if he has epinephrine and request approval from medical control to administer it to the patient.

D. avoid the use of epinephrine because of his cardiac history, even if his symptoms become severe.

A. administer oxygen if needed, transport the patient, and monitor him for signs of deterioration

Two of the MOST common signs of anaphylaxis are:

A. hypertension and swollen hands.

B. expiratory stridor and tachycardia.

C. watery eyes and localized itching.

D. urticaria and angioedema.

D. urticaria and angioedema

Which of the following physiologic actions does epinephrine produce when given for an allergic reaction?

A. Blocking of further histamine release

B. Bronchoconstriction and vasoconstriction

C. Vasoconstriction and bronchodilation

D. Bronchodilation and vasodilation

C. Vasoconstriction and bronchodilation

While auscultating breath sounds of a patient who was stung multiple times by a yellow jacket, you hear bilateral wheezing over all lung fields. This indicates:

A. enlargement of the bronchioles in the lungs.

B. rapid swelling of the upper airway tissues.

C. a significant amount of fluid in the alveoli.

D. narrowing of the bronchioles in the lungs.

D. narrowing of the bronchioles in the lungs

Which of the following negative effects of anaphylaxis will be the MOST rapidly fatal if not treated immediately?

A. Severe hypotension

B. Diffuse urticaria

C. Upper airway swelling

D. Systemic vasodilation

C. Upper airway swelling

You respond to the residence of a 55-year-old woman with a possible allergic reaction to peanuts that she ate approximately 30 minutes ago. The patient is conscious and alert, but has diffuse urticaria and the feeling that she has a lump in her throat. As your partner applies oxygen to the patient, you should:

A. ascertain if she has a family history of allergies.

B. ask her when her last allergic reaction occurred.

C. ask her if she has prescribed epinephrine.

D. obtain a complete set of baseline vital signs.

C. ask her if she has prescribed epinephrine

You are assessing a young male who was stung on the leg by a scorpion. He is conscious and alert, his breathing is regular and unlabored, and his blood pressure is 122/64 mm Hg. Assessment of his leg reveals a wheal surrounded by an area of redness. He states that he had a "bad reaction" the last time he was stung by a scorpion, and carries his own epinephrine auto-injector. You should:

A. apply high-flow oxygen, apply a chemical cold pack directly to the injection site, and transport at once.

B. apply oxygen as needed, clean the area with soap and water or a mild antiseptic, and transport him to the hospital.

C. apply high-flow oxygen, obtain approval from medical control to assist him with his epinephrine, and transport.

D. assess his ABCs and vital signs in 15 minutes and allow him to drive himself to the hospital if he remains stable.

B. apply oxygen as needed, clean the area with soap and water or a mild antiseptic, and transport him to the hospital

Common side effects of epinephrine include all of the following, EXCEPT:

A. tachycardia.

B. headache.

C. drowsiness.

D. dizziness.

C. drowsiness

A 48-year-old male is found unconscious in the garden by his wife. When you arrive at the scene and assess the man, you find that he is unresponsive, has labored breathing, and has hives over his entire trunk. You should:

A. ask his wife if he has any known allergies.

B. maintain his airway and assist his ventilations.

C. perform a detailed secondary assessment.

D. administer oxygen and position him on his side.

B. maintain his airway and assist his ventilations

When an auto-injector is used to give epinephrine, the primary injection site is the:

A. medial part of the buttocks.

B. medial portion of the thigh.

C. lateral portion of the arm.

D. lateral portion of the thigh.

D. lateral portion of the thigh

A 37-year-old male is having a severe allergic reaction to penicillin. He does not have an epinephrine auto-injector, and your protocols do not allow you to carry epinephrine on the ambulance. How should you proceed with the treatment of this patient?

A. Administer oxygen, transport at once, and request a paramedic intercept.

B. Remain at the scene with the patient and request a paramedic ambulance.

C. Quickly determine if there are any bystanders who may carry epinephrine.

D. Ask the patient if he has any diphenhydramine tablets that you can administer.

A. Administer oxygen, transport at once, and request a paramedic intercept

Immediately after giving an epinephrine injection, you should:

A. notify medical control of your action.

B. properly dispose of the syringe.

C. reassess the patient's vital signs.

D. record the time and dose given.

B. properly dispose of the syringe

A 38-year-old woman was bitten by fire ants while at the park. Your primary assessment reveals that she is semiconscious; has labored breathing; and has a rapid, thready pulse. She has a red rash on her entire body, and her face is swollen. You should:

A. locate the area where the fire ants bit her.

B. perform a rapid secondary assessment.

C. assist her ventilations with 100% oxygen.

D. place her supine with her legs elevated.

C. assist her ventilations with 100% oxygen

Which of the following patients would MOST likely have a delayed onset of an allergic reaction?

A. A 45-year-old male who ingested penicillin

B. A 21-year-old female who inhaled pollen

C. A 50-year-old male who was exposed to latex

D. A 30-year-old male who was stung by a bee

A. a 45 year old male who ingested penicillin

The stinger from a honeybee should be:

A. irrigated with copious amounts of water.

B. squeezed with tweezers and removed.

C. left in place and covered.

D. scraped away from the skin.

D. scraped away from the skin

After administering 0.3 mg of epinephrine via auto-injector to a 22-year-old female with an allergic reaction, you note improvement in her breathing and resolution of her hives. However, she is still anxious and tachycardic. You should:

A. contact medical control and obtain authorization to administer another 0.3 mg of epinephrine.

B. consider administering 0.15 mg of epinephrine to completely resolve her allergic reaction.

C. monitor her closely but recall that anxiety and tachycardia are side effects of epinephrine.

D. transport her rapidly, because it is obvious that she is having a severe reaction to the epinephrine.

C. monitor her closely but recall that anxiety and tachycardia are side effects of epinephrine

Anaphylaxis is MOST accurately defined as a(n):

A. allergic reaction that causes bronchodilation and vasoconstriction.

B. moderate allergic reaction that primarily affects the vasculature.

C. extreme allergic reaction that may affect multiple body systems.

D. severe allergic reaction that typically resolves without treatment.

C. extreme allergic reaction that may affect multiple body systems

A 50-year-old male was stung by a honeybee approximately 15 minutes ago. He presents with respiratory distress, facial swelling, and hypotension. After placing him on oxygen and administering his epinephrine via auto-injector, you note that his breathing has improved. Additionally, his facial swelling is resolving and his blood pressure is stable. Your next action should be to:

A. notify medical control of the patient's response to your treatment.

B. visualize his airway to assess for oropharyngeal swelling.

C. record the time and dose of the injection and transport promptly.

D. reassess his breathing and blood pressure in 15 minutes.

C. record the time and dose of the injection and transport promptly

Because the stinger of a honeybee remains in the wound following a sting:

A. it can continue to inject venom for up to 20 minutes.

B. the body's immune system deactivates the bee's venom.

C. the toxicity of the venom decreases within 10 minutes.

D. the stinger should quickly be removed with tweezers.

A. it can continue to inject venom for up to 20 minutes

A 19-year-old female was stung multiple times on the legs by fire ants. She states that she is allergic to fire ants, but does not carry her own epinephrine. The patient is conscious and alert and complains of pain to the area of the bites. Her blood pressure is 122/70 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and strong, and her respirations are 18 breaths/min and unlabored. You should:

A. position her legs well above the level of her heart.

B. administer oxygen and transport her to the hospital.

C. request a paramedic unit to administer epinephrine.

D. advise her to see her physician as soon as possible.

B. administer oxygen and transport her to the hospital

You have administered one dose of epinephrine to a 40-year-old female to treat an allergic reaction that she developed after being stung by a scorpion. Your reassessment reveals that she is still having difficulty breathing, has a decreasing mental status, and has a blood pressure of 80/50 mm Hg. You should:

A. monitor her en route to the hospital and call medical control if she worsens.

B. crush up an antihistamine tablet and place it in between her cheek and gum.

C. request permission from medical control to give another dose of epinephrine.

D. administer a nebulized bronchodilator to improve the status of her breathing.

C. request permission from medical control to give another dose of epinephrine

Which of the following statements regarding epinephrine administration via the intramuscular (IM) route is correct?

A. The 1:1000 concentration should be used.

B. The maximum single adult dose is 0.15 mg.

C. The IM route should not be used in children.

D. The preferred injection site is the upper arm

A. The 1:1000 concentration should be used

Chemicals that are responsible for the signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction to a bee sting include:

A. leukocytes and epinephrine.

B. the bee venom itself.

C. histamines and leukotrienes.

D. adrenaline and histamines.

C. histamines and leukotrienes

Which of the following MOST accurately defines an allergic reaction?

A. An exaggerated immune system response to any substance

B. Destruction of the immune system by an external substance

C. A release of erythrocytes in response to a foreign substance

D. A direct negative effect on the body by an external substance

A. an exaggerated immune system response to any substance

Epinephrine is indicated for patients with an allergic reaction when:

A. the reaction produces severe urticaria.

B. a paramedic is present at the scene.

C. wheezing and hypotension are present.

D. the patient is anxious and tachycardic.

C. wheezing and hypotension are present

Which of the following medications blocks the release of histamines?

A. Albuterol (Ventolin)

B. Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

C. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

D. Epinephrine (Adrenalin)

C. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Which of the following sounds indicates swelling of the upper airway?

A. Rales

B. Stridor

C. Wheezing

D. Rhonchi

B. stridor

When administering epinephrine via auto-injector, you should hold the injector in place for:

A. 8 seconds.

B. 3 seconds.

C. 10 seconds.

D. 15 seconds.

B. 3 seconds

Which of the following physiologic actions does epinephrine produce when given for an allergic reaction?

A. Bronchoconstriction and vasoconstriction

B. Blocking of further histamine release

C. Bronchodilation and vasodilation

D. Vasoconstriction and bronchodilation

D. vasoconstriction and bronchodilation

Most patients who die of anaphylaxis do so within the first ____ minutes following exposure.

A. 90

B. 30

C. 60

D. 5

B. 30

A 73-year-old man presents with a generalized rash, which he thinks may have been caused by an antibiotic that he recently began taking. He has a history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, and emphysema. He is conscious and alert, his blood pressure is 144/94 mm Hg, and his pulse is 64 beats/min and regular. You auscultate his breath sounds and hear scattered wheezing, although he is not experiencing respiratory distress. You should:

A. avoid the use of epinephrine because of his cardiac history, even if his symptoms become severe.

B. begin transport and request to administer epinephrine if his systolic blood pressure falls below 110 mm Hg.

C. administer oxygen if needed, transport the patient, and monitor him for signs of deterioration.

D. ask him if he has epinephrine and request approval from medical control to administer it to the patient.

C. administer oxygen if needed, transport the patient, and monitor him for signs of deterioration