Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cell Cycle

Clone

A genetically identical copy of an organism or cell.

Daughter Cell

A new cell formed by the division of a parent cell.

Binary Fission

Prokaryotic division in 4 steps: 1. DNA replication, 2. Cell elongation, 3. Cross-wall formation, 4. Separation.

Interphase

The daily growth and preparation phase before a cell divides.

Gap 1 (G1) Phase

Stage of interphase where the cell grows and makes proteins.

Synthesis (S) Phase

Stage of interphase where DNA is fully replicated (copied).

Gap 2 (G2) Phase

Stage of interphase for final checks and prep for mitosis.

Gap 0 (G0) Phase

A resting or non-dividing state outside the active cell cycle.

Mitosis

Division of the cell nucleus into two identical nuclei.

Prophase

Mitosis begins: chromosomes condense, nuclear membrane breaks down.

Metaphase

Chromosomes line up perfectly along the middle of the cell.

Anaphase

Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite ends of the cell.

Telophase

Two new nuclear membranes form around separated chromosomes.

Cytokinesis

Final splitting of the cytoplasm to form two separate cells.

Centriole

Organelle that helps organize and anchor spindle fibres.

Spindle Fibers

Protein cables that attach to centromeres to move chromosomes.