precision medicine quick flashcards

what is traditional medicine approach

one size fits all

treatments provided to large number of patients, benefit only small portion

what is precision medicine approach

customizes healthcare based on an individual’s genetic profile, lifestyle & environment

what is pharmacokinetics

what the body does to the drug

absorption

metabolism

distribution

elimination

what is pharmacodynamics

what the drug does to the body

what is enabling the shift to precision medicine

DNA sequencing, precise animal models, pharmacogenomic analyses, progress with AI

what is cystic fibrosis

mutation in CFTR gene results in defective/absent chloride channels in plasma membranes

→ build up of Cl- outside the cell

→ sticky mucus build up and blocks bronchioles and affects digestion in small intestine

what are traditional cystic fibrosis treatments

managing respiratory infections, improve quality of life

antibiotics, airway clearance techniques

what is the application of precision medicine for cystic fibrosis

CFTR correctors - improve delivery of CFTR to the surface

CFTR potentiators - increase the opening of Cl- channel at the surface

what is the application of precision medicine with warfarin

is an anticoagulant

→ decreases risk of thromboembolic events by limiting availability of vitamin K (required to produce functionla coagulation factors)

what can affect the pharmacokinetics/dynamics of warfarin

mutations in genes

Warfarin drug target = VKORC1 (vitamin K reductase)

warfarin catabolised in liver by CYP450s