Animal Cell

animal cells

eukaryotic cells or cells with a membrane-bound nucleus

organelles

different parts of the cell

cell membrane

composed of phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins and carbohydrates

semipermeable membrane

allows O and CO2 to enter

microvilli

finger-like folds cell membrane that boost the cell’s absorption function

microvilli (microvillus)

increases the cell’s surface area

cytoplasm

fluid containing cytosol that fills the cell

• where the organelles are found and move freely

• where the molecules first pass through after entering or before exiting the cell membrane

cytosol

fluid that contains electrolytes

• site of cytosolic activities (signal transduction, DNA transcription and replication, glycolysis, enzyme activities

electrolytes

substance that produces electrically conducting solutions, metabolites, and other substances produced during metabolism

gylcolysis

conversion of glucose into another form

cytoskeleton

provides the structure or shape of the cell

• has microfilament, microtubule, and intermediate filament

microfilament

composed of actin (contractile protein); 7 nanometer

microtubule

compose of tubulin (globular proteins); 25 nanometer

intermediate filament

provides tensile strength in the cell; 10 nanometer

centrioles

help in the separation and transfer of chromosomes

• comes in pairs and are at right angles with eo

centrosome

where microtubules get organized

spindle fibers

essential to separating chromosomes during cell division

nucleus

control center of the cell

nuclear envelope

outer body of the nucleus

nucleoplasm

substance inside the nuclear envelopec

chromatin

substance within the nucleoplasm

• combination of DNA and protein

nuclear pore

entry and exit of cell substances

nucleolus

membrane-free organelle found inside the nucleus

• important in ribosome synthesis