Module 6 - The Skeletal Muscle System

skeletal muscles are attached to bone via...

tendons

Insertion

the point at which a muscle's tendon attaches to the more moveable bone

Orgin

the point at which a muscle's tendon attaches to the more stationary bone

Belly

the largest part of the muscle, which actually contains the muscle cells

biceps brachia and triceps brachia are one example of two muscles that _______________________

work together.

When two muscles work together to create the same movement, they are called.....

synergists

prime mover (agonist)

primarily responsible for movement

Antagonist

the muscle that works opposite of the agonist

Muscles tend to work as WHAT in the body?

levers

a lever consists of f a rigid bar called a _________________

fulcrum

first class lever

in a first class lever the fulcrum is between the effort and the resistance

second class lever

in a second class lever the resistance is between the effort and the fulcrum

third class lever

in the third class lever, the effort is between the fulcrum and the resistance.

where can superficial skeletal muscles be found?

just underneath the layer of skin

what are the seven criteria used in naming a muscle?

(1). size, (2). Shape, (3). Location, (4). orientation of the fascicles , (5). origin and insertion, (6). number of heads, (7). function

The sternocleidomastoid muscle is the primer mover of a group of muscles which...

Rotate and flew the head

the frontal and occipitals muscles are often considered two bellies of a single muscle called the

occipitofrontalis muscle

the orbicular oculi circle the orbit and it used to _____________

close the eye.

Orbicular iris surrounds the lip and is used to ___________________. It is nicknamed the "___________________ ____________"

Purse the lips, Kissing muscle

the buccinator (or cheek muscle) does what? what is one action that needs the use of the buccinator?

compresses the cheek, making rapid changes in volume of the oral cavity. Squirting water out of your mouth

Zygomaticus major and minor are two muscles needed for what?

smiling

what if the action of the platysma?

frowning

Mastcation

the process of chewing

the temporalis muscle's fascicles converge on the ___________________, enabling the temporals to ________________________________________

mandible, elevate the mandible powerfully.

masseter ________________________ and and it can be used to _________________

elevate the mandible powerfully, protract the mandible (to push the lower jaw forward)

lateral pterygoid

Depresses and protracts mandible and moves it from side to side

medial pterygoid

elevates mandible

the deltoid muscle packs how many groups of fascicles into one muscle?

3

pectoralis major action

Adducts, flexes, and medically rotates the arm.

pectorals minor action

depresses the scapula and elevates the ribs

Lines alba (white line)

a band of connective tissue that binds all of the abdominal muscles.

rectus abdominis is covered with a _______________________

sheath of connective tissue

lateral to the rectus abdominis is the ______________________. what is the action of ______________?

broad external oblique muscle, flexes the vertebral column but also rotates it

internal oblique does _________________________. It is located where?

does the same thing as the external oblique, which the internal oblique is located underneath.

what muscle is underneath the internal oblique

the transverses abdominis.

Trapezius location

extends up the neck to the shoulder and down the thoracic vertebrae.

latissimus dorsi

extends and adducts arm

the trees major works with the latissimus dorsi to

adduct, extend, and medially rotate the arm.

the rhomboideus major and rhomboideus minor work with the elevator scapulae, the trapezius, the serrates anterior, and the pectorals minor to move what?

the scapula

triceps brachii work to extend what?

the forearm at the elbow

the ball of the humerus is held into socket by muscle tension during muscle movement. what four. muscles cause this tension?

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis

biceps brachia flexes the

forearm at the elbow

the Brachioradialis aids the biceps brachii in what?

flexing the forearm

The pronator teres __________(action)_________________ aided by the _____________________

pronates the forearm at the elbow, turning the forearm to a palms-down movement. pronator quadratus

supinator action

supinates the forearm

flexor capri radialis action

flexes and abducts the hand

flexor carpi ulnaris and the palmaris longs along with the flexor carpi radialis do what

flew the hand

the flexor digitorum superficialis flexes

both the wrist and the four fingers (not the thumb)

the flexor digitorum superficialis profundus aids ___________________.

the flexor digitorum superficialis flexes

the extensor carpi radialis longus and the extensor carpi radialis brevis _______________ (with help for the ____________________) and __________________

Extend (with help from the extensor carpi ulnaris) and abduct the hand

the extensor digitorum is the antagonist of the _________________________, as it extends the hand and the four fingers (not the thumb)

flexor digitorum superficialis

if it weren't for the ____________ ______________________ the extensor tendons would bow outward when the extensor contracts. Is ____________ ______________________ a muscle?

exstendor retinaculum. no

exstrinsic hand muscles

muscles in the forearm that create movement in the hands

Intrinsic hand muscles

Muscles in the hand that produce movement in the hand

the gluteus maximus action

extends, abducts and laterally rotates thigh

where is the gluteus medius located?

underneath the gluteus Maximus.

where is the gluteus minimus located?

underneath the gluteus medius

what three muscles are collectively known as the hamstring muscle group?

the biceps femurs, semimembranosus, and the semitendinosus.

the iliacus and the psoas major flex ______________, they are often considered one muscle called the __________________

thigh, iliopsoas

the quadriceps femurs is made up of what four muscles?

the rectus femoris, the cactus laterals, the vests intermedium, and the vests medialis.

What is the longest muscle in the body?

Sartorius

the adductor longs and adduscro Magnus work together to ___________________

adduct the thigh.

Gracilis (action)

adducts thigh and flexes leg

the calf is made up of what two muscles? They are inserted into the calcaneus (heel bone) via the ___________________

gastrocnemius and soleus, the calcanea tendon.

The tibia's anterior works to ___________ and ________________ the foot

dorsiflex and invert the foot

what two muscles ever the foot?

peroneus braves and peroneus longus

flexor digitorum longus _______ the four lateral toes (not the big toe) while the extensor digitorum longus ____________ the four lateral toes

flexes, extends

extensor hallicus longus action

dorsiflexion and inverts the foot, as well as extends the big toe

the peroneus terminus has the same origin as the other peroneus muscles but is really apart of the ________________________

extensor digitorum longus

What is the location of the patellar ligament?

extending from the patella