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Aldonic Acid (2)
Oxidation of an aldehyde group
D-Gluconic Acid
Uronic Acid (2)
Oxidation of the terminal hydroxyl group
D-Glucuronic Acid
D-Glucitol (2)
Reducing the carbonyl group to form a sugar alcohol
Sorbitol
D-Mannitol
Reducing the carbonyl group to form a sugar alcohol
D-Xylitol
Reducing the carbonyl group to form a sugar alcohol
D-Erythritol (2)
Reducing the carbonyl group to form a sugar alcohol
Truvia
Glucose-6-phosphate
Esterification - hydroxyl groups react with acids to form esters with phosphate or sulfate
2-Deoxy-D-ribose
Reduction of a hydroxyl group forms deoxy sugars
2-Deoxy-α-D-ribose
Reduction of a hydroxyl group forms deoxy sugars
α-D-2-Galactosamine
Substitution of a hydroxyl group by an amino acid
α-D-2-Glucosamine
Substitution of a hydroxyl group by an amino acid
N-acetylglucosamine
Substitution of a hydroxyl group by an amino acid
N-acetylgalactosamine
Substitution of a hydroxyl group by an amino acid
Muramic acid reaction
Amino group is modified by the addition of an acetate group in an amide linkage
Muramic acid additional information
Synthesized by bacteria. starts as glucose. For the cell wall. Some antibiotics inhibit the synthesis of this.
N-acetylneuraminic acid reaction
Amino group is modified by the addition of an acetate group in an amide linkage
N-acetylneuraminic acid additional information
Synthesized by mammals. Starts as glucose.