Derivatives of Monosaccharides

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17 Terms

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Aldonic Acid (2)

Oxidation of an aldehyde group

D-Gluconic Acid

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Uronic Acid (2)

Oxidation of the terminal hydroxyl group

D-Glucuronic Acid

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D-Glucitol (2)

Reducing the carbonyl group to form a sugar alcohol

Sorbitol

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D-Mannitol

Reducing the carbonyl group to form a sugar alcohol

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D-Xylitol

Reducing the carbonyl group to form a sugar alcohol

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D-Erythritol (2)

Reducing the carbonyl group to form a sugar alcohol

Truvia

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Glucose-6-phosphate

Esterification - hydroxyl groups react with acids to form esters with phosphate or sulfate

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2-Deoxy-D-ribose

Reduction of a hydroxyl group forms deoxy sugars

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2-Deoxy-α-D-ribose

Reduction of a hydroxyl group forms deoxy sugars

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α-D-2-Galactosamine

Substitution of a hydroxyl group by an amino acid

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α-D-2-Glucosamine

Substitution of a hydroxyl group by an amino acid

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N-acetylglucosamine

Substitution of a hydroxyl group by an amino acid

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N-acetylgalactosamine

Substitution of a hydroxyl group by an amino acid

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Muramic acid reaction

Amino group is modified by the addition of an acetate group in an amide linkage

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Muramic acid additional information

Synthesized by bacteria. starts as glucose. For the cell wall. Some antibiotics inhibit the synthesis of this.

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N-acetylneuraminic acid reaction

Amino group is modified by the addition of an acetate group in an amide linkage

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N-acetylneuraminic acid additional information

Synthesized by mammals. Starts as glucose.