Flashcard DP1 Vocabulary - short stories & novels; film & commercials; comics & graphic novels; images & magazine covers; poetry; speeches. | Quizlet

syntax

The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.

cumulation

Using many similar words in a short space; can give weight to the idea being expressed. (Ex. "This task requires guts, determination, grit and willpower.")

alliteration

This refers to the repetition of the first sound in consecutive words, an effect which draws attention to the words in question.

anaphora

The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of a sentence.

tone

Similar to mood, it describes the author's attitude toward his material, the audience, or both.

colloquial language

informal language; language that is "conversational"

inclusive language

aims to directly address the reader, either personally or as a member of a shared group. This involves using such words as us, we, you, our.

connotation

an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning

denotation

actual meaning of the word

euphemism

usually a more acceptable way of saying something uncomfortable (i.e. collateral damage instead of civilian death)

lexical cluster / semantic field

words pertaining to a particular group or idea. For example, words relating to water or nature.

ambiguity

The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage.

analogy

comparing one situation to another. For example, comparing the game of football to war.

hyperbole

Completely overstating and exaggerating your point for effect. (Like when your mom says,"I must have asked you a million times to clean your room!")

metonymy

substituting the name of one object for another object closely associated with it. A news release that claims "the White House declared" rather that "the President declared" is using this technique.

symbol / symbolism

Generally, anything that represents itself and stands for something else. Usually it is something concrete - such as object, action, character, or scene - that represents something more abstract.

synecdoche

is a type of metaphor in which the part stands for the whole. Ex. Farmer Joe has two hundred head of cattle [whole cows], and three hired hands [whole people]. If we had some wheels [whole vehicle], I'd put on my best threads [clothes] and ask for Jane's hand [hopefully her whole person] in marriage.

irony

the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect.

juxtaposition

As a literary technique, it is to place two concepts, characters, ideas, or places near or next to each other so that the reader will compare and contrast them.

foil

A character who contrasts and parallels the main character in a play or story.

narrator

A person who tells a story; in literature, the voice that an author takes on to tell a story.

atmosphere

A compound term that encompasses the tone (the author's attitude towards a subject) and mood (the audience's attitude towards a subject).

exposition

A narrative device, often used at the beginning of a work that provides necessary background information about the characters and their circumstances.

falling action

The part of a literary plot that occurs after the climax has been reached and the conflict has been resolved.

antithesis

in rhetoric, the contrasting of one idea with another opposite idea

figurative speech

the use of words or phrases which are not intended to be taken literally

satire

the use of humor, irony, exaggeration or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity

emanata

symbols and icons used in comic strips to represent emotion or activity

montage panel

combines several iconographic elements that otherwise do not belong together in the same spatial relationship.

still

frozen frame of a moving image or film

zoom

a camera shot that changes smoothly from a long shot to a close-up or vice versa.

depth of field

the depth of a shot's focus in relation to the foreground, middle-ground and background.

focus

the degree of distinctness or sharpness in an image.

metaphor

a figure of speech in which a non-literal comparison is made between objects or actions, without using words such as "as" or "like"

simile

A comparison of two unlike things using like or as

imagery

language that appeals to the physical senses such as sight, sound, smell, touch or taste

syllable

A unit of speech heard as a single sound; one "beat" of a word or phrase.

enjambment

the continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond the end of a line, couplet, or stanza.

internal rhyme

A word inside a line rhymes with another word on the same line

caesura

A natural pause or break in a line of poetry, usually near the middle of the line.

rhetorical question

Sometimes a writer or speaker will ask a question to which no answer is required. The answer is obvious so the reader has no choice but to agree with the writer's point.

asyndeton

refers to the omission of a conjunction such as "and" or "as" from a series of related clauses. The function is usually to accelerate a passage and emphasize the significance of the relation between these clauses.

epistrophe

A figure of speech that involves the repetition of a word or phrase at the end of successive clauses or sentences. It is the opposite anaphora.

tricolon

a rhetorical term for a series of three parallel words, phrases, or clauses.

tension

The sense that something ominous is right around the corner, keeps readers engaged up until the end of the story.

prose fiction

Imaginary story written in ordinary language, without rhyme or meter.

conflict

A struggle between opposing forces.

characterisation

The way a writer creates a character in order to convince the reader.

rising action

A series of events that builds from the conflict. It begins with the inciting force and ends with the climax.

climax

Most exciting moment of the story; turning point.

denouement

A French term meaning "unraveling" or "unknotting," used to describe the resolution of the plot following the climax.

diacope

the repetition of a word or phrase with one or two intervening words

ethos

in rhetoric, an appeal to the audience's sense of ethics or principles; credibility

pathos

in rhetoric, the appeal to the audience's sense of emotion

logos

in rhetoric, an appeal to the audience's sense of logic

argument

in rhetoric, a line of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth or falsehood

hypophora

a figure of speech in which a writer raises a question and then immediately provides an answer to that question

polysyndeton

the repetition of coordinating conjunctions, such as 'and' or 'or'.

allusion

A reference to another work of literature, person, or event

target audience

the group of people that a writer or speaker has in mind as a readership or audience

caricature

an exaggerated portrayal of one's features

cartoon

a single-panel drawing which often uses humor and satire to construct a message

speech bubble

a bubble drawn above a character in a comic strip or cartoon to indicate the character's speech

panel

the individual frame which captures a moment from a sequence of events in a comic strip

gutter

space between panels in a comic strip

bleed

when the action of a panel spills beyond its frame and into the gutter

splash

a large panel that takes up most or all of a page, or possibly even two pages

camera angle

the location at which a camera films its subject or which a photograph is taken in relation to its subjects

caption

a title or short description of a picture

cartoonification

the process of turning an object or person into a cartoon by drawing them in a stylized or abstract way

closure

what happens in between the panels. The audience comes up with their own interpretation of the gap between panels, and this interpretation can be different for each audience member.

cinematography

the art of making motion pictures, referring especially to camera work and photography.

mise en scene

arrangement of scenery, props and characters on a stage or set of a film

diegetic sound

any voice, musical passage, or sound effect presented as originating from a source within the film's world.

voice-over

the voice of an unseen narrator

blocking

the actor's body positions, gestures, movements and their interaction with the environment

framing

the placement and position of the subject(s) in your shot

aperture

adjustable opening in a camera that limits the amount of light

assonance

Repetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity

consonance

Repetition of a consonant sound within two or more words in close proximity.

rhythm

Pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables

metre

The regular use of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry.

stanza

a group of lines forming the basic recurring metrical unit in a poem.

rhyming scheme

the ordered pattern of rhymes at the ends of the lines of a poem or verse.

free verse

Poetry that does not have a regular meter or rhyme scheme

couplet

two lines of verse, usually in the same meter and joined by rhyme, that form a unit.

signifier

a term used in semiotics to describe any form that takes meaning, such as a word, sign, symbol or even colour

icon

an image that resembles the thing it represents

logo

a symbol or design that serves to identify an organization or institution

negative space

empty space around an object or person

Rule of Thirds

A composition rule that divides the screen into thirds horizontally and vertically, like a tic-tac toe grid placed over the picture on a television set.

anchoring

the process of making an image meaningful by adding words, such as a caption or making words meaningful by adding images, such as an illustration

body language and gaze

Facial expressions, gestures, stance or position - can convey the attitude, feelings or personality of the individual shown. Take note of the direction of the subject's eyes.