Anatomy/cosmetology 102.4 - .8

Anatomy

the study of organs and systems of the body

Physiology

the study of the functions that organs and systems perform

Cells

Basic units of living matter

Metabolism

Cells receive nutrients for growth and reproduction

Organs

Separate body structures that are composed of 2 or more different tissues that perform specific functions

Body Systems

Group of body structures and/or organs that, together, perform one or more vital functions for the body

Which area of science involves the study of organs and systems of the body?

Anatomy

The study of functions of the organs and systems of the body is known as:

Physiology

3 basic parts found in most human cells

Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane

The control center of the cell activities is called the:

Nucleus

Most activities of the cell take place in the:

Cytoplasm

The process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones:

Anabolism

The release of energy within a cell necessary for the performance of specific bodily functions is caused by:

Catabolism

Groups of cells with the same makeup

tissues

What is the role of epithelial tissue?

Cover and protect body surfaces and internal organs

Which type of tissue supports, protects, and holds the body together?

Connective tissue

Tissue that contracts when stimulated to produce motion is known as:

Muscular tissue

A separate body structure that is composed of two or more different tissues is a:

Organ

The organ that controls all body functions is the:

brain

The organ responsible for removing toxic byproducts of digestion is the

liver

skeletal system

framework for the body

Muscular System

move the body

circulatory system

circulates blood through the body

nervous system

sends and receives messages from the body

digestive system

supplies food to the body

excretory system

eliminates waste from the body

respiratory system

controls breathing

endocrine system

controls growth and general health and reproduction of the body

reproductive system

allows living organisms to procreate

integumentary system

control sebaceous and suderiferous glands

The point in which two or more bones are joined

joint

Which system has the function of surrounding and protecting internal organs?

skeletal system

Long bones are found in the

legs

Bones of the cranium

temporal, parietal, occipital

Parietal bones form the

Crown and upper sides of the head

Bone that forms the back of the skull

occipital

Bone that makes up the lower jaw

mandible

8 carpals held together with ligaments make up the

wrist

5 long, thin bones that form the palm of the hand

metacarpals

The outer, narrower bones in the lower legs

fibula

Myology is the study of the structure, function and diseases of the:

muscles

The salon professional is primarily concerned with which type of muscles found in the head, face, neck, hands and arms?

voluntary

Which type of muscle responds automatically to control bodily functions?

voluntary or striated

Muscles affected by massage are generally manipulated from the:

insertion to origin

Occipitalis muscle is located at the nape of the neck

backward

Muscle that circles the mouth

Orbicularis oris

The coordination of which two muscles enables the body to perform chewing?

temporalis and masseter

The muscle that aids in drawing the head back and elevating the shoulder blades?

trapezius

The muscles that turns the palm up?

supinator

Muscle that straightens the fingers and wrist?

extensor

The body system responsible for the circulation of blood, including the heart, arteries, veins, an capillaries, is call the:

cardiovascular system

What is the sticky, salty fluid that circulates through the body, bringing nourishment and oxygen to all parts of the body?

blood

What is another name for red blood cells?

erythrocytes

cells that fight bacteria and other foreign substances are called leukocytes or

White Blood Cells

Thick-walled vessels that carry blood away from the heart are

arteries

The process of blood traveling from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart is referred to as:

general circulation

The occipital artery supplies blood to the

back of the head

Which artery supplies blood to the lower portion of the face, including mouth and nose?

external maxillary

Which artery supplies blood to the crown and sides of the head?

parietal

A subsystem of the circulatory system responsible for distributing white blood cells to help develop immunity is known as the:

lymph-vascular system

The nervous system is made up of the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system and the:

autonomic nervous system

The brain, spinal cord, and spinal/cranial nerves make up the:

central nervous system

Which crucial part of the central nervous system is composed of long nerve fibers and originates in the base of the brain and extends to the base of the spine?

Spinal Cord

What system is composed of sensory and motor nerves that extend from the spinal cord and brain to other parts of the body?

peripheral nervous system

Motor sensory nerves carry messages from the brain to the muscles and are called:

efferent

The primary motor nerve of the face is:

trifacial nerve

The digestive, respiratory, and circulatory systems are controlled by the:

autonomic nervous system

The system that breaks food down to be easily absorbed by cells or to become waste products is the:

digestive system

The primary function of the excretory is to:

eliminate solid, liquid, and gaseous waste products

Hair growth, skin conditions, and energy levels are controlled by the:

endocrine system

The study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye is called:

gross anatomy

What is another name for histology?

physiology

Osteology is the study of:

bones

The long bones are found in the

arms and legs

Bone is composed of 1/3 organic matter and

2/3 mineral matter

Bone behind the eyes and nose that connects all the bones in the cranium is known as the:

sphenoid bone

Which two bones join to form the bridge of the nose:

zygomatic

the 14 bones that form the digits of either the hand or the foot are called the:

phalanges

Myology is the study of

Structure, function & diseases of the muscles

Muscles make up approx. what % of your body weight

40-50%

Striated muscles

Voluntary muscles that are moved by will

Non-striated

Involuntary muscles that respond automatically to control various body functions, including internal organs

The midsection of the muscle is called the

belly

Anterior means

in front of

Inferior means

below

Superior means

above

Posterior means

behind

The heart is encased in a membrane called

pericardium

Resting heart rate is

60-100bpm

Blood vessels that carry impure blood

veins

Carries blood from the capillaries to the heart

veins

Colorless liquid produced when plasma passes nourishment to capillaries and cells is known as

lymph

How do lymph nodes indicate infection in the body?

they swell

Another name for a nerve cell

neuron

The main nerve branch to the top 1/3 of the face is the:

ophthalmic