Hydrogen Chloride and Chlorine Chemistry

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering the discovery, properties, and preparation methods of hydrogen chloride as described in the lecture notes.

Marine-acid gas

The name given to hydrogen chloride gas by Priestley, who prepared it in 1772 from sea salt.

Priestley

The scientist who prepared hydrogen chloride in 1772 and named it marine-acid gas.

Hydrogen chloride (atmospheric)

An industrial by-product and pollutant found in traces in the atmosphere that is readily washed down by rain due to its solubility in water.

Laboratory Preparation of $HCl$

Prepared by the action of hot concentrated tetraoxosulphate(VI) acid on any soluble chloride, such as sodium chloride.

Sodium hydrogentetraoxosulphate(VI) ($NaHSO_4$)

A compound formed along with hydrogen chloride during the laboratory preparation when the temperature is low.

Sodium tetraoxosulphate(VI) ($Na_2SO_4$)

The final product formed when the reaction between sodium chloride and tetraoxosulphate(VI) acid goes to completion at higher temperatures.

Overall Lab Reaction Equation

$2NaCl(s) + H_2SO_4(aq) \rightarrow Na_2SO_4(aq) + 2HCl(g)$.

Ionic Equation for $HCl$ preparation

$Cl^{-}(s) + H^{+}(aq) \rightarrow HCl(g)$.

Industrial Preparation of $HCl$

Produced in large amounts by the direct combination of hydrogen and chlorine gases obtained from the electrolysis of brine.

Pure Hydrogen Chloride

Mathematically pure gas obtained industrially by burning a jet of hydrogen in chlorine.

Chlorine gas test

Identified by its action on damp blue litmus paper, which first turns red and then becomes bleached.

Iodine Liberation

Indicated when a piece of damp starch paper turns blue due to the liberation of iodine.