substitution, ellipsis and conjunction

What is substitution?

Similar to reference. Replacing.

How many substitutes are there? What are they?

3 substitutes.

Nominal substitute

Verbal substitute

Clausal substitute

What is nominal substitute?

takes place of Noun. eg. one/ones

What is verbal substitute?

takes place of verbs or parts of verbs. eg. do

What is clausal substitute?

takes place of clauses or parts of clauses. eg.so/not

Substitution involves repudiation? What is it?

stay in the same group but change one detail. eg. red pen → blue one

What is polarity?

whether a sentence is positive or negative in grammar

eg. She is going to the party. (positive polarity)

She isn’t going to the party. (negative polarity)

what is ellipsis?

omit, omission

How many ellipsis are there? What are they?

3 ellipsis

Nominal ellipsis

Verbal ellipsis

Clausal ellipsis

What is Nominal Ellipsis?

the omission of a noun

eg. Mia went home and ate dinner.

What is Verbal Ellipsis?

all or part of the verb is omitted.

eg. He said that he’d eaten sushi before. He hadn’t, but it seemed embarrassing to admit the truth.

What is Clausal Ellipsis?

the omission of an entire clause, or at least both the subject and the verb of the clause

eg. Over 3 hours the CEO talked about the company, changes to procurement procedures and new health regulations.

How many types of conjunction are there? What are they?

4 conjunctions

temporal - time relation eg. then

causal - cause and effect relation eg. so

adversative - unexpected relation eg. but

additive - adding relation eg. and