Adolescence and Developmental Models Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering introductory concepts of adolescence, historical developments, cultural variations, and major psychological models (Biopsychosocial, Dynamic Systems, and Bronfenbrenner-bioecological).

Child labor laws

Historical developments aimed at the prevention of exploitation of children, contributing to the establishment of adolescence as a distinct period.

Compulsory education

Mandatory schooling laws that emerged alongside child labor legislation, causing children to stay in school longer.

Industrial Revolution

A major historical shift that influenced adolescent development by fostering compulsory education and leading children to remain in school longer.

G. Stanley Hall

A key historical figure whose work influenced the conceptualization of adolescence as a distinct period of development.

Rites of passage

Cultural variations marking transitions during adolescence, such as Sweet Sixteen, quinceañeros, bar and bat mitzvah, debutante balls, and religious confirmations.

General issues in adolescence

Broad societal and health challenges that impact adolescents, including health, nutrition, and poverty.

Academic and life balance issues

An increasing set of challenges that adolescents must manage, including school performance, academic achievement, and balancing different aspects of life.

Biopsychosocial model

A developmental model proposed by George Engel involving three factors: biological growth and change, psychological growth, and social context. It relies on two principles: development is influenced by all three factors, and these three areas constantly interact with and mutually influence one another.

George Engel

The scholar who formulated the biopsychosocial model of development.

Systems theories

Theoretical frameworks positing that human development and behavior are influenced by several factors at the same time.

Dynamic systems theory

A theory developed by Fischer & Bidell that emphasizes the constantly changing nature of the system within which adolescents operate.

Fischer & Bidell

The theorists associated with the dynamic systems theory of adolescent development.

Bronfenbrenner-bioecological model

A developmental model consisting of nested systems surrounding the individual self: microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem.

Microsystem

The innermost level in Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model, representing immediate settings and direct interactions with the individual self.

Mesosystem

The layer in Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model that involves connections and interactions between different microsystems.

Exosystem

The level in Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model encompassing settings or contexts that affect the individual indirectly, even if they do not directly participate in them.

Macrosystem

The outermost socio-cultural level in Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model, containing overarching cultural values, laws, customs, and beliefs.

Chronosystem

The dimension in Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model capturing sociohistorical conditions and time-based environmental changes across life.

Adolescent vs. Adolescents vs. Adolescence

'Adolescent' refers to a single individual in the stage; 'adolescents' refers to multiple such individuals; 'adolescence' refers to the distinct developmental period itself.