7 - Water-soluble vitamins – chemical structure, metabolism and biochemical significance. Diseases caused by vitamin deficiencies.

sections

• what are vitamins needed for

• 2 types of vitamins

• water soluble vitamins

• what are vitamins needed for

• health

• growth

• survival

• 2 types of vitamins

• water soluble

• fat soluble

water-soluble vitamins

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• B1 → thiamine

• B2 → riboflavin

• B3 → Niacin

• B6 → Pyridoxine

• Pantothenic acid

• H → Cobalamin

• C → Ascorbic acid

• B1 → thiamine

• active form → thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP)

• Participates in → pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

• Deficinecy → BeriBeri (muscle weakness)

• B2 → riboflavin

• active form → flavin mononucleotide + flavin adenin dinucleotide

• participates in → pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

• Deficiency → Secondary pallegra - due to lack of appetite (quite rare)

• B3 → Niacin

• active form - nicotinamide adinine dinucleotide (NAD+) and Nicotinamide adinine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+)

• participates in → NAD + = cofactors for dehydrogenases, NADP+ = cofactor for reductase

• Deficinecy → pellagra (diarrhea)

• B6 → Pyridoxine

• active form → pyridoxal phosphate

• participates in → coenzyme of transaminases and decarboxylases of amino acids

• Deficiency → seizures/convulsions

• Pantothenic acid

• formed from → Beta alanine + pantoic acid

• participates → synthesis of coenzyme A

• Deficiency → neurologic syndrome

• Source → plants + microorganism

H → Biotin

• sources → bacteria in intestines

• participates → transfer of CO2 in carboxylation

• Deficiency → alopecia, dermatitis

B12 → Cobalamin

• active form → 5’ deoxy adenosyl cobalamin + methyl cobalamin

• source → animal organs + dairy products

• Deficiency → pernicious anaemia, leukocytopenia

• Corrin ring binding CO ion

C → ascorbic acid

• Participates → synthesis of collagen + elastin

• Deficiency → scurvy

• Source → citrus fruits + bells peppers