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Who wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Man (1790) and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), the latter a founding text of the feminist movement?
Mary Wollstonecraft
What occurred during the Hundred Days in France?
Napoleon returned from exile to rule France briefly
How did America's Constitutional Convention of 1787 deal with the discord between pro and anti slavery delegates?
It compromised by stipulating that an enslaved person would count as three-fifths of a person for purposes of taxation and proportional representation in the House of Representatives
In the eighteenth century, many liberal thinkers believed that representative institutions could decent the liberty and interests of people. What did this mean in terms of political practice?
Voting for representatives would be restricted to men of property
Louis XV damaged the sense of his sacred authority by
allowing his common-born mistress to exercise tremendous influence culturally and politically
Why did Great Britain seek to raise taxes on its American colonies in the 1760s?
After doubling its national debt in the Seven Years' War, Great Britain sought to tax the American colonies to fund the further defense of the colonies
Why was France unable to manage its debt in the eighteenth century, even though that debt was much smaller, relative to its population, than the debt of either Greta Britain or Holland?
France lacked a central bank and paper currency
Why did the Directory continue French wars of conquest begun by early revolutionary governments?
The Directory understood that big, victorious armies kept men employed
The National Assembly that ruled France from 1789 to 1791 passed laws that
declared all men and women to be equal
The attack on the Bastille had what political effect?
The king's plans to reassert his authority were forestalled, permitting the National Assembly to continue its work
In the wake of the Great Fear in the summer of 1789, the National Assembly restored order by
abolishing all of the old noble and church privileges
Who forced the king and the royal family to abandon Versailles and return to Paris?
Several thousand Parisian women
The Abbe sieges considered the third estate
the true strength of the French nation
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizens guaranteed
equality before the law
How did the reaction of kings and nobles in continental Europe toward the French Revolution change over the revolution's first two years?
Initially pleased by the revolution's weakening of France, they came to feel threatened by its increasingly radical message
How did the delegates to the Legislative Assembly that convened in October 1791 differ from the delegates to the Estates General/ National Assembly?
They were younger and less cautious; many joined political clubs
How did the French armies during the French Revolution offer a mixed message to the people they conquered?
They presented themselves as liberators to the peasants and middle class but seemed more like foreign invaders as they requisitioned food and supplies and plundered local treasure
What was the goal of the Committee of Public Safety?
To use dictatorial powers to respond to threats to France from without and within
In the 1780s, over 50 percent of France's annual budget was expended on
the military
The legal definition of the composition of the prerevolutionary third estate included
interest payments on the debt
By July 1794, how had the central government in Paris managed to reassert control over the provinces and gain momentum against the First Coalition?
It harnessed the explosive forces of a planned economy, revolutionary terror, and modern nationalism into a total war effort
The men elected to represent the third estate at the Estates General were primarily
lawyers and government officials
As the Jacobins gained power, what was their reaction to women's political activity?
They banned all women's political activity, which they believed to be disorderly and a distraction from women's proper domestic duties
Why did the French commissioners in Saint-Domingue abolish slavery in 1793?
They were desperate to rally the rebel slaves to the French cause against the Spanish and English forces on the island
Why did members of the National Convention turn against Robespierre on the Ninth of Thermidor?
They believed that Robespierre might soon have them arrested and executed
Which of the following correctly identifies Napoleon Bonaparte's background?
He won brilliant victories in Italy in 1796 and 1797
What two fundamental principles of the French Revolution were incorporated into Napoleonic Code?
The equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property
The string of French military victories after the winter of 1793-94 owed largely to
patriotism and the superior numbers supplied by the draft
What caused the life-and-death political struggle between the Girondists and the Mountain?
The Girondists' more moderate policies
In the summer of 1789, the National Assembly was driven toward more radical action by
revolutionary actions of French peasants and the common people of Paris
How did the Concordat resolve the crisis over Catholicism in France in the Napoleonic era?
The Catholic Church gained the right to practice religion freely, while the French state gained greater control over the nomination of church officers and church activities
How did Napoleon consolidate his rule?
He appealed both to disillusion revolutionaries and members of the old nobility and offered them high posts in the expanding centralized state
Why was the Declaration of Independence so important to the American Revolution?
It universalized the traditional rights of English people and made them the rights of all mankind
What was the economic effect of Napoleon's Continental System?
French artisans and the middle class suffered, for they were economically damaged by the blockade of Great Britain
According to Olympe de Gouges
men and women should be equal in the eyes of the law
How did the National Assembly respond to the hopes and expectations of Saint-Domingue's different social groups?
It frustrated the hopes of all the different social groups
After the arrest and deportation of Toussaint L'Ouverture, how was the war of Haitian Independence resolved?
Jean-Jacques Dessaline, L'Ouverture's lieutenant, led the resistance to a crushing victory over the French and later declared Haitian independence
The Loyalist faction in the American Revolution
tended to be wealthy and politically moderate
Why did the Antifederalists oppose the new American constitution proposed by the Constitutional Convention?
They feared for the individual freedoms for which they had fought
Who predicted in Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790) that reform like that occurring in France would lead only to chaos and tyranny?
Edmund Burke
What was Napoleon's Grand Empire?
An enlarged France, a number satellite kingdoms, and the independent but allied states of Austria, Prussia, and Russia
In Primary Source 19.1, what does Abigail Adams want John Adams to do when she asks him to "remember the ladies?"
To grant women full political rights
In Primary Source 19.2: What is the Third Estate?, what dies Abbe de Sieyes say about the third estate?
The third estate contains everything that pertains to the nation, and this it is everything
In Primary Source 19.3: Petition of the French Jews, what is the main argument for citizenship?
Since civil rights are independent from religious principles, all men are equally able to serve the fatherland and should have the title of citizen
In Primary Source 19.5: Napoleon's Proclamation to the French People, Napoleon claims to be
A soldier of liberty
Note 
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