AP Euro Chapter 19

Who wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Man (1790) and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), the latter a founding text of the feminist movement?

Mary Wollstonecraft

What occurred during the Hundred Days in France?

Napoleon returned from exile to rule France briefly

How did America's Constitutional Convention of 1787 deal with the discord between pro and anti slavery delegates?

It compromised by stipulating that an enslaved person would count as three-fifths of a person for purposes of taxation and proportional representation in the House of Representatives

In the eighteenth century, many liberal thinkers believed that representative institutions could decent the liberty and interests of people. What did this mean in terms of political practice?

Voting for representatives would be restricted to men of property

Louis XV damaged the sense of his sacred authority by

allowing his common-born mistress to exercise tremendous influence culturally and politically

Why did Great Britain seek to raise taxes on its American colonies in the 1760s?

After doubling its national debt in the Seven Years' War, Great Britain sought to tax the American colonies to fund the further defense of the colonies

Why was France unable to manage its debt in the eighteenth century, even though that debt was much smaller, relative to its population, than the debt of either Greta Britain or Holland?

France lacked a central bank and paper currency

Why did the Directory continue French wars of conquest begun by early revolutionary governments?

The Directory understood that big, victorious armies kept men employed

The National Assembly that ruled France from 1789 to 1791 passed laws that

declared all men and women to be equal

The attack on the Bastille had what political effect?

The king's plans to reassert his authority were forestalled, permitting the National Assembly to continue its work

In the wake of the Great Fear in the summer of 1789, the National Assembly restored order by

abolishing all of the old noble and church privileges

Who forced the king and the royal family to abandon Versailles and return to Paris?

Several thousand Parisian women

The Abbe sieges considered the third estate

the true strength of the French nation

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizens guaranteed

equality before the law

How did the reaction of kings and nobles in continental Europe toward the French Revolution change over the revolution's first two years?

Initially pleased by the revolution's weakening of France, they came to feel threatened by its increasingly radical message

How did the delegates to the Legislative Assembly that convened in October 1791 differ from the delegates to the Estates General/ National Assembly?

They were younger and less cautious; many joined political clubs

How did the French armies during the French Revolution offer a mixed message to the people they conquered?

They presented themselves as liberators to the peasants and middle class but seemed more like foreign invaders as they requisitioned food and supplies and plundered local treasure

What was the goal of the Committee of Public Safety?

To use dictatorial powers to respond to threats to France from without and within

In the 1780s, over 50 percent of France's annual budget was expended on

the military

The legal definition of the composition of the prerevolutionary third estate included

interest payments on the debt

By July 1794, how had the central government in Paris managed to reassert control over the provinces and gain momentum against the First Coalition?

It harnessed the explosive forces of a planned economy, revolutionary terror, and modern nationalism into a total war effort

The men elected to represent the third estate at the Estates General were primarily

lawyers and government officials

As the Jacobins gained power, what was their reaction to women's political activity?

They banned all women's political activity, which they believed to be disorderly and a distraction from women's proper domestic duties

Why did the French commissioners in Saint-Domingue abolish slavery in 1793?

They were desperate to rally the rebel slaves to the French cause against the Spanish and English forces on the island

Why did members of the National Convention turn against Robespierre on the Ninth of Thermidor?

They believed that Robespierre might soon have them arrested and executed

Which of the following correctly identifies Napoleon Bonaparte's background?

He won brilliant victories in Italy in 1796 and 1797

What two fundamental principles of the French Revolution were incorporated into Napoleonic Code?

The equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property

The string of French military victories after the winter of 1793-94 owed largely to

patriotism and the superior numbers supplied by the draft

What caused the life-and-death political struggle between the Girondists and the Mountain?

The Girondists' more moderate policies

In the summer of 1789, the National Assembly was driven toward more radical action by

revolutionary actions of French peasants and the common people of Paris

How did the Concordat resolve the crisis over Catholicism in France in the Napoleonic era?

The Catholic Church gained the right to practice religion freely, while the French state gained greater control over the nomination of church officers and church activities

How did Napoleon consolidate his rule?

He appealed both to disillusion revolutionaries and members of the old nobility and offered them high posts in the expanding centralized state

Why was the Declaration of Independence so important to the American Revolution?

It universalized the traditional rights of English people and made them the rights of all mankind

What was the economic effect of Napoleon's Continental System?

French artisans and the middle class suffered, for they were economically damaged by the blockade of Great Britain

According to Olympe de Gouges

men and women should be equal in the eyes of the law

How did the National Assembly respond to the hopes and expectations of Saint-Domingue's different social groups?

It frustrated the hopes of all the different social groups

After the arrest and deportation of Toussaint L'Ouverture, how was the war of Haitian Independence resolved?

Jean-Jacques Dessaline, L'Ouverture's lieutenant, led the resistance to a crushing victory over the French and later declared Haitian independence

The Loyalist faction in the American Revolution

tended to be wealthy and politically moderate

Why did the Antifederalists oppose the new American constitution proposed by the Constitutional Convention?

They feared for the individual freedoms for which they had fought

Who predicted in Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790) that reform like that occurring in France would lead only to chaos and tyranny?

Edmund Burke

What was Napoleon's Grand Empire?

An enlarged France, a number satellite kingdoms, and the independent but allied states of Austria, Prussia, and Russia

In Primary Source 19.1, what does Abigail Adams want John Adams to do when she asks him to "remember the ladies?"

To grant women full political rights

In Primary Source 19.2: What is the Third Estate?, what dies Abbe de Sieyes say about the third estate?

The third estate contains everything that pertains to the nation, and this it is everything

In Primary Source 19.3: Petition of the French Jews, what is the main argument for citizenship?

Since civil rights are independent from religious principles, all men are equally able to serve the fatherland and should have the title of citizen

In Primary Source 19.5: Napoleon's Proclamation to the French People, Napoleon claims to be

A soldier of liberty