Renaissance

by RR

Rinascimiento

Italian term for “Renaissance“

Renaissance

Movement applied not only in architecture, but also in literature and painting, and customs

Giorgio Vasari

Italian painter, writer, historian, & architect, famous for his biographies of Renaissance artists.

Giorgio Vasari

He coined the term “Renaissance“ (rinascita) in print, through an awareness of the on going “rebirth“ in arts

Giorgio Vasari

He wrote the book “Le Vite de' Piv Eccellenti Pittori Scultori et Architettori“ (Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects)

simplicity; balance

Renaissance artist rejected the intricacy & verticality of Gothic for the _____ & _____ of Renaissance.

Humanism

Appreciation of physical beauty and having strong concern for human welfare, values, and dignity formed the governing intellectual principle of the Italian Renaissance.

“man is the measure of all things“

Classical Greek philosophy rediscovered in the Renaissance

studia humanitatis

A Renaissance educational program focusing on grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, and moral philosophy to cultivate well-rounded individuals.

Vitruvius

Roman architect and author of "De architectura," he emphasized the importance of symmetry, proportion, and durability in architecture.

Renaissance Architecture

Architectural style that emerged in Florence, Italy & spread throughout Europe, characterized by symmetry, proportion, and a revival of classical Greek & Roman design elements.

Filippo Brunnelleschi

• One of the three key figures in Renaissance architecture

• First Renaissance architect

• Applied elements of classical Roman architecture

• Devised a way to draw linear perspective

Leon Battista Alberti

• One of the three key figures in Renaissance architecture

• Wrote the “Ten Books of Architecture“

• Explained the principles behind linear perspective

Ten Books of Architecture

This book became the bible of Renaissance architecture.

Andrea Palladio

• One of the three key figures in Renaissance architecture

• Specialized in domestic architecture

• His “Four Books of Architecture“ gained him recognition

• Chief architect of the Venetian Republic

Proto Baroque, Palladian, Baroque, Rococo or Late Baroque

Phases of Renaissance Architecture

Proto Baroque

• Evident in the works of Michelangelo

• Churches are crowned with domes

• Regular distribution of fenestrations

Palladian

• Inspired by the Roman-like designs of Andrea Palladio

• Emphasizes proportion & symmetry

Baroque

• Seen in the works of Lorenzo Bernini

• Strong curves and rich decorations define the style

Rococo or Late Baroque

• Florid, asymmetrical, and elaborate in style

Symmetrical

_________ plan is a characteristic in Renaissance architecture.

rusticated

Walls are ______ to give an impression of dignity

quions

Rusticated wall corners to give an appearance of strength.

inginocchiata

kneeling windows; window supported by aedicules or framed by columns on either side and a pediment

dome

______ is the predominant feature in roofs

classic

________ orders were used for the columns and their proportions are standardized

astylar

facade without columns

Pietra forte

Stone materials used as exterior

Pietra serena

Stone materials used as interior

balustrades

Low-pitched roofs are hidden by _________

Medici family

They dominated Renaissance Florence’s political and cultural life, and are most famous for their patronage of the arts. They were the catalyst for an enormous amount of arts patronage, encouraging his countrymen to commission works from the leading artists of Florence, including Leonardo da Vinci, Sandro Botticelli, and Michelangelo Buonarroti.

patronage

Wealthy Florentines flaunt their money and power by becoming patrons of artists and intellectuals.

Dome of Florence Cathedral

Designed by Filippo Brunelleschi. Its is the largest dome ever constructed, with a blend of Gothic building and Renaissance dome.

Sto. Spirito

Designed by Brunelleschi, finished by Antonio Manetti. The interior is Brunelleschi’s best version of Renaissance showing linear spaces in a perfect sense of propotion.

Basilica of San Lorenzo

Church and burial place of the Medici’s who funded its construction; Designed by Filippo Brunelleschi

S. Maria Novella

Flanking scrolls were used to connect the aisles and nave; façade by Leon Battista Alberti

Palazzo Pitti

Owned by Luca Pitti and bought by the Medici family in 1549 astylar and the largest palace in Italy

Palazzo Medici Riccardi

Faced in rusticated stone (pietra forte)

Artists often leave their marks on the stones, taking pride of their participation in the building of this structure

rusticated blocks

__________ became a status symbol as the materials were costly and rare

grafitti

Artists often leave their marks or ______ on the stones, taking pride of their participation in the building of this structure

Palazzo Strozzi

by Benedetto da Majano and finished Cronaca; the windows are its attractive features

Palazzo Rucellai

by Leon Battista Alberti and finished by Bernardo Rossellino; the first astylar building of the Renaissance

Villa Medici, Poggio a Caiano

by Giuliano da Sangallo; UNESCO World Heritage, 2013

one of the most splendid summer residences of the noble Florentine family

Foundling Hospital (Ospedale Degli Inocenti)

It was the first of its kind in Europe to care for the abandoned babies; by Filippo Brunelleschi is a notable example of early Italian Renaissance

Palazzo Pandolfini

very much Roman but done with a Florence touch; Raphael Santi

The Uffizi

begun by Giorgio Vasari for Cosimo de' Medici for the offices of the Florentine magistrates, hence the name uffizi, "offices"

one of the best museums in the world opened in 1765

home to the world’s greatest collection of Italian Renaissance art donated by the Medici family with the agreement that these should not leave Florence

Palazzo Verdamin

Designed by Pietro Lombardo

Sta. Maria Dei Miracoli

• (Virgin Mary of Miracles)

• a miniature church by Pietro Lombardo and sons Antonio and Tullio

• known as the “marble church” in grey, white and pink polychrome finish

• the barrel-vaulted ceiling embellished by polychrome marbles

• popular Venetian wedding venue

Scuola Grande di San Marco

A building from 1487 designed by Martino Lombardo, featuring perspective reliefs by Tullio Lombardo on the ground floor.

S. Giorgio Dei Greci

A building from 1539 designed by Sante Lombardo. It is a graceful little orthodox church with a mature Renaissance façade

San Zaccaria

Designed by Antonio Gambello; has nearly every wall covered with paintings by 17th and 18th century artists

Palazzo Bevilacqua

A building from 1530 designed by Michel Sanmicheli, featuring a rusticated lower story and an elegant “piano nobile” upper floor.

Library of St. Mark

A structure from 1537 designed by Jacopo Sansovino. One of the oldest public libraries in the world, located in Venice, Italy. It houses a vast collection of manuscripts, including the famous Codex Sinaiticus.

Loggetta of the Campanille

A structure from 1546 designed by Jacopo Sansovino, inspired by the triumphal arch in imperial Roman style.

Basilica Palladiana

A famous building from 1549 with Renaissance arcades by Andrea Palladio, known for the "Palladian Motif."

Villa Capra

Known as La Rotonda, a villa from 1567 designed by Andrea Palladio, featuring a symmetrical square plan with identical porticoes on each facade.

Villa Barbaro

A villa from 1560 designed by Andrea Palladio for his friend Daniele Barbaro. UNESCO World Heritage Site, 1996

San Giorgio Maggiore

A building from 1566 by Andrea Palladio, with the facade completed by Vincenzo Scamozzi.

Il Redentore

A 16th-century church in Venice, Italy, designed by Andrea Palladio. Built to give thanks for the city's deliverance from the plague.

Piazza Del Campidoglio

Laid on the summit of the Capitoline Hill, the most important of Rome's seven hills; Oblique arrangement of buildings create a trapezoidal space that gives a sense of largeness

The first modern square to be designed in Rome

Palazzo Pesaro

Palazzo Pesaro is a historic palace in Venice, Italy, known for its Baroque architecture and housing the International Gallery of Modern Art. It was begun by Baldassare Longhena and finished by Gian Antonio Gaspari

Palazzo Rezzonico

Venetian Baroque palace on the Grand Canal in Venice, Italy. It was begun by Baldassare Longhena and finished by Giorgio Massari

Santa Maria Della Salute

Designed by Badassare Longhena. Amajestic example of Venetian Baroque, an offering for the city's deliverance from a devastating plague. Octagonal in plan, has spacious surrounding ambulatory and radiating chapels making it one of the largest aisled, polygonal churches.

Palazzo Di Venecia

Designed by Leon Battista Alberti. It has a rather medieval exterior, but its interior is characteristically Renaissance

Ducal Palace

Built for Duke Federico da Montefeltro. Many artists were involved like Maso di Bartolomeo, Luciano Laurana, Leon Battista Alberti, Piero della Francesca. The Duke’s refined choice of decorators, as well as of vanguard artists and architects meant that he was able to leave a definitive mark on the cultural and urban landscape. It has a library with a vast collection of illuminated manuscripts

UNESCO World Heritage, 1998

Studiolo

It is a small room for meditation and study in the Ducal Palaze. It was a jewel box-like space decorated with over 40 works of art and featuring built-in cabinets displaying the Grand Duke's collection of art and natural specimens. The sumptuously decorated cabinet of curiosities were done in wood-inlay technique known as intarsia.

Designed by Francesco di Giorgio and was executed by Giuliano da Majano

Palazzo Senatorio

Symbol of civil power of the city of Rome

by Giacomo della Porta, Michelangelo and Girolamo

Palazzo Farnese

Pentagon plan in reddish gold stone, ornament was minimal to achieve proportion and harmony while the villa dominates the surroundings, its severe design complements

by Giacomo da Vignola, Antonio da Sangallo the Younger and Baldassare Pentuzzi

Scala Regia

Masterpiece grand helical stair in granite with frescoes on the walls and dome

Il Gesu Church

First Jesuit church in Rome, one of the best examples of Baroque

The triumph of the name of Jesus - the ceiling is painted in trompe-l'oeil' by Giovanni Battista Gaulli

Tempietto

Marks the spot where St. Peter was martyred

Bramante's design in full Renaissance design

St. Peter’s Basilica

The central church of Roman Catholicism, the most important building of the Renaissance, and the largest house of worship in the world, accommodating 50,000-60,000

Michelangelo Di Lodovico Buonarotti Simoni

The Lone Genius, he was universally acknowledged as a supreme artist in his own lifetime. He may have been the first “artistic genius “, a sculptor, painter, architect, & poet

Sistine Chapel

The painted ceiling of the ____________ in the Vatican City is one of the world's best-known works of art. Michelangelo devised an elaborate scheme for the painting of the Sistine Chapel ceiling, which he did from 1508-1512, and he had assistants to mix paints, scramble up and down ladders and prepare the day's plaster.

Creation of Adam

Famous painting by Michelangelo in the Sistine Chapel from the scenes of the Book of Genesis. It depicts God reaching out to touch Adam's finger, symbolizing the creation of humanity.

20

How much time had elapsed between the completion of the ceiling and the painting of the “Last Judgment”?

Pieta

Michelangelo created from marble the effect of dynamic, flowing lines.

David

5.17 m. marble sculpture of a nude male. The Florentines, through Michelangelo’s art, viewed this sculpture as a perfect symbol of Florence, as he captured the unwavering courage, unexpected strength, and historic perseverance that they saw in themselves.

Contrapposto

An Italian term that means "counterpoise". It is used in the visual arts to describe a human figure standing with most of its weight on one of its legs.

Palazzo Barberini

• by Carlo Maderno and executed by Lorenzo Bernini

• inside is the famous helicoidal staircase by Francesco Borromini

• the trompe-l’oeil painting on the ceiling was by Pietro da Cortona

San Giovanni Laterano

• built by Constantine (4th cent.) and was the first church to be built in Rome.

• facade was done by Alessandro Galilei (1735)

S. Andrea Del Quirinale

• best known of Bernini’s churches, each of them small but widely imitated

• oval dome

San Carlo Alle Quattro Fontane

• by Francesco Borromini

• miniature jewel of Baroque with oval dome

S. Maria Maggiore

• last notable Baroque architecture of Rome

• UNESCO World Heritage, 1980

Villa d’Este, Tivoli

• laid out by Pirro Ligorio

• formerly a Benedictine convent before its transformation into a park and garden

• famous all over the world for its splendid fountains and water displays

• most beautiful example of the Italian Renaissance Garden in Europe; now an Italian state museum

• UNESCO World Heritage Site, 2001

Fountain of the Organ

in VILLA d’ ESTE, Tivoli

• built in the Baroque style with a large arch and 3 three niches housing the statues of Apollo and Orpheus

• esigned by Luc Leclerc and his nephew Claude Venard

• the music from the organ plays through a hydraulic system that uses the falling water to blow air into the pipes, the first of its kind

Fontana Di Trevi, Rome

The fountain's design, a harmonious blend of sculptures and water, showcases the pinnacle of Baroque aesthetics. Created by Nicola Salvi and completed in 1762, the fountain depicts Oceanus, the god of all water, amidst a scene of mythological and allegorical figures, all intricately carved.

• designed by Nicola Salvi and completed by Pietro Bracci; designed as the water source of the city

• largest Baroque fountain in Rome, and forms as the monumental façade of Palazzo Poli