chapter 19: viruses

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20 Terms

1

capsid

protein enclosing viral genome

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2

viral envelope

membrane surrounding the viral capsid, made from host membrane and viral parts

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3

bacteriophage

virus that infects bacteria

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4

lytic cycle

reproductive cycle of viruses which results in host cells being destroyed and releasing progeny viruses

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5

lysogenic cycle

reproductive cycle resulting in viral genome being engrained into host cell, letting the host cell continue living and viral genome being passed onto daughter cells. creates prophages

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6

virulent phage

virus that only uses lytic cyclet

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7

temperate phage

virus that can use lytic and lysogenic cycle

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8

prophage

result of lysogenic cycle

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9

provirus

viral DNA in host DNA as a permanent part of it

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10

is a virus living or nonliving

a nonliving because it requires other cells for duplication

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11

virus componente

  • elongated capsid head that contains genome

  • protein tail piece used to inject genetic info into host

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12

factors controlling phage entering lytic vs. lysogenic cycle

environmental conditions control this. if the environment is stressful (starvation or toxic chemicals) will cause virus to use lytic cycle

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13

advantage of lysogenic cycle

allows for host cell to live

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14

basis of animal virus classification

  • DNA or RNA

  • single or double stranded

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15

reproductive cycle of retroviruses (HIV)

virus will use reverse transcriptase to incorporate viral RNA in host DNA

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16

function of reverse transcriptase

used by retroviruses to put viral genome in host DNA

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17

emerging virus and how its caused

  • a new virus

  • from mutations, dissemination from isolated human pop., or transferred from different species

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18

viroid

circular RNA molecule that infects plant cells and affects growth

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19

prion

slow-acting, virtually indestructible infectious protein. propagates by turning normal proteins in prions

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20

2 characteristic of prions that make it hard to control

  • hard to detect

  • brain disease

  • don’t know you have until too late

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