Neurobiology exam 2

chemoreceptors

detect molecules (chemical to electrical) eg. taste

mechanoreceptros

detect physical distortion: changes in pressure, position, stretch or acceleration (movement to electrical) examples: touch, hearing, equilibirum, muscle spindles

electromagnetic receptors

specialised for visible light (light to electrical)

Thermoreceptors

detect changes in temperature: hot or cold (change in temp to electical)

Pain receptors (nociceptors)

Pdetect severe heat and pressure as well as chemicals released by inflamed tissue

Acuity

ability to distinguish individual stimuli- resolution, location

Neurotransmitter pathway for SNS smooth muscle, salivary glands etc.

o—<Ach (nAChR) 0—<NA

neurotransmitter pathway for SNS sweat glands

o—<Ach (nAChR) 0—<Ach(mAChR)

neurotransmitter pathway for SNS adrenal medulla

o—<Ach (nAChR)

neurotransmitter pathway for PSNS salivary glands, smooth muscle etc.

o—<Ach (nAChR) 0—<Ach(mAChR)

muscarinic receptors

acetylcholine receptor G-produce-coupled receptor

nicotinic receptors

acetylcholine receptor, ligand gated ion chnael

Ipratropium

Anticholinergics (antagonist) used it asthma as a bronchodilator

Adrenaline adrenoceptors affinity

beta2 > Beta1/Beta3/alpha

noradrenaline adrenoceptors affinity

alpha > beta 1 >> beta 2

salbutamol

sympathomimetics agonist beta 2 to relax bronchi

enertic autonomic nervous system

in GI tract

Adrenal chromaffin cells

receive direct input from preganglionic sympathetic axons