m topic 1 - functionalist, strain and subcultural theories

hirschi

social bonding theory

social bonding theory

people dont commit crime due to attachment, commitment, beleif and involvement

asardra and hitchin

women victims experienced greater violence and control

merton

strain theory

strain theory definition

deviance due to the strain between cultural goals encouraged in society and societys institutional inequality making people achieve through illegitimate means to get their goals

strain theory devient adaptations to strain

conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatist, rebellion

durkheim

crime is inevitable due to socialisation and subcultures

karen matthews

missing girl case

4 positive functions of crime

boundary maintenance, enable social change, safety valve, warning device

cohen

the media dramatises evil

durkheim

all change starts with an act of deviance, new ideas shouldn’t be suppressed otherwise society wont progress

kingsley daivs

prostitution releases mens sexual frustration without threat to nuclear family

polsky

people use pornography instead of actually cheating

cohen

states crime can act as a warning device that society isn’t working properly eg. high rates of suicide

merton

strain theory

A.K cohen

status frustration and alternative status hierarchy

status frustration defnintion

in school wc boys face anomie due to the mc dominated and cant acheive so have status frustration

alternative status hierarchy

wc boys then reject mainstream values and invert them in delinquent subcultures where they gain alternative status hierarchy

cloward and ohlin

different subcultures react differently to lack of opportunity, 3 types of subculture

cloward and ohlin 3 types of subculture

criminal, conflict, retreatist

south

some subcultures dont fit neatly into cloward and ohlins 3 subcultures

katz

young people commit crime because its seductive and exciting

lyng

edgework

edgework definition

young men like taking risks so they sometimes do things seen as unacceptable or take part in dangerous activities

mafessoli

neo-tribes

neo-tribes definition

youth move in and out of fluid subcultures to express themselves not just to be deviant

miller

focal concerns

focal concerns definition

focal concerns led to delinquency

the 6 focal concerns

smartness, trouble, excitement, toughness, autonomy, fate

matza

we all share subterranean values and drift in and out of them- they exist in delinquent activities and lead to people straying outside of social norms and need techniques of neutralization to justify

matza techniques of neutralisation

denial of victim, denial of injury, denial or responsibility

messner and rosenfeld

societies based on capitalism and lacking welfare provision will have high crime rates