Chapter 10 chem review

Liquid properties

are held together with dipole-dipole, London dispersion forces, and hydrogen bonding

Intermolecular forces are weaker and allow the molecules to slide past each other

Fluid properties

ability to flow

take the shape of the container

relatively high density

molecules are closer together

relatively in compressibility

ability to diffuse- movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to low concentration

Surface tension

water has high surface tension because hydrogen bonding holds molecules together very strongly

Capillary Action

the attraction of the liquid to the sides of the container

Vaporization

is when a liquid or a solid changes to a gas

Evaporization

The particles on the surface of a non-liquid entering the gas state

The molecules with the highest KE can overcome the forces of attraction and leave the liquid as a gas

Condensation

gas changing into liquid

Vapor Pressure

pressure exerted by vapor molecules above a liquid or solid

Equilibrium Vapor Pressure

vapor pressure when evaporation and condensation rates are equal

Volatile Liquid

have weak intermolecular forces and can move into the gas stage easily

Boiling Point

is the temperature at which a liquid enters the vapor phase- vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure

what is the boiling point of water

100 degrees celsius-standard

Phase Diagram

Triple point is the pressure and temperature where substance can be in three phases, liquid, solid, gas at the same time

Critical Point

indicates the critical temperature and critical pressure

Critical Temperature

temp above which the substance cannot exist in the liquid state

Crystalline Solid

forms crystals; specific pattern

Amorphous Solid

particles are randomly arranged

Super cooled Liquid

a liquid that has been cooled below its freezing point

Melting Point

temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid

Freezing and melting point

same

Ionic Bonding

-positive ions to negative ions

-most ionic compounds are solids at room temperature

Covalent Network

atoms forming a crystal

very strong bonding

Metallic Bonding

electrons are shared by all atoms

Malleable

shape

Ductile

form it into a wire

Hydrogen Bonding

H bonded to NOF

Dipole-Dipole

polar molecules

London Dispersion Forces

non-polar molecules