HUBS191 Lecture on Bone Tissue and Structure

Vocabulary flashcards based on HUBS191 lecture material focusing on bone tissue and its structure.

Bone Tissue

A living tissue composed of cells and a calcified extracellular matrix.

Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

The non-cellular component present within all tissues and organs that provides support to the cells.

Osteogenic Cells

Stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts.

Osteoblasts

Bone-forming cells that produce new bone matrix.

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix.

Osteoclasts

Bone-resorbing cells that remove bone matrix.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of stable internal conditions in an organism.

Osteoporosis

A bone pathology characterized by decreased bone density and increased risk of fractures.

Compact Bone

Dense bone tissue that forms the outer layer of bones and contains structural units called osteons.

Cancellous Bone (Trabecular Bone)

Spongy bone tissue that is lighter and contains trabeculae.

Osteons

Structural units of compact bone, involved in the pathway for nutrients and waste exchange.

Central Canal

The central channel in an osteon that contains blood vessels and nerves.

Lamellae

Concentric rings of bone matrix that form the structure of osteons.

Lacunae

Small cavities in the bone matrix that house osteocytes.

Canaliculi

Tiny channels that connect lacunae and allow for nutrient exchange between osteocytes.

Bone Remodeling

The process of bone resorption and formation that allows bones to adapt to stress.

Appositional Growth

The growth of bone in thickness by the addition of bone matrix on its outer surface.

Calcium Homeostasis

The regulation of calcium levels in the body, essential for proper bone function.

Trabeculae

The small beam-like structures in cancellous bone that help resist forces.

Mechanical Load

The forces applied to bones that can stimulate remodeling and adaptation.

Hydroxyapatite

A mineral compound in bone that contributes to its hardness.

Collagen

An organic protein that provides tensile strength to the bone matrix.

Nutritional Factors

Dietary elements that influence bone health, such as calcium and vitamin D.

Risk Factors for Osteoporosis

Factors such as age, gender, genetics, and lifestyle choices that increase the likelihood of developing osteoporosis.

Bone Density

The amount of mineral matter per square centimeter of bones.

Cortical Bone

The dense and compact outer layer of bone.

Bone Repair

The ability of bone tissue to heal and regenerate following a fracture.

Biomechanics

The study of mechanical laws relating to the movement or structure of living organisms.

Mineral Salts

Inorganic substances in bone that provide strength and structure.

Peak Bone Mass

The highest amount of bone density attained, typically in the late 20s.

Estrogen

A hormone that plays a critical role in maintaining bone density.

Exercise Impact on Bone

Physical activity that promotes bone strength and reduces the risk of osteoporosis.

Cancellous Bone Function

Provides structural support and houses bone marrow for blood cell production.

Osteoclast Activity

The process by which osteoclasts resorb bone, critical in maintaining calcium levels.

Bone Matrix Composition

Made up of organic and inorganic components, primarily collagen and hydroxyapatite.

Hormonal Regulation of Bone

Hormones like parathyroid hormone and calcitonin that regulate bone remodeling.

Bone Pathologies

Diseases affecting bone structure and function, such as osteoporosis and osteopenia.

Calcium Sources

Dietary sources of calcium necessary for bone health.

Weight Transmission

The way forces from body weight are transmitted through skeletal structures.

Circulatory System Support

The role of bones and osteons in supporting blood circulation.

Bone Cell Types

Four major types include osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts.

Resilience of Bone

The ability of bone to withstand stress without breaking.

Anatomy of Long Bones

Includes structures such as diaphysis and epiphysis, essential in movement and weight bearing.

Bone Health Guidelines

Recommendations for maintaining healthy bone density through lifestyle choices.

Fracture Types

Different categories of bone fractures, such as compression and stress fractures.

Calcium Regulation Mechanism

The body's process to maintain calcium levels using hormones and dietary intake.

Bone Disease Prevention

Strategies to avoid bone diseases through nutrition and physical activity.

Collagen Fiber Orientation

Arrangement of collagen fibers that contributes to bone's mechanical properties.

Bone Adaptation Mechanism

The process by which bone changes its structure in response to different loading conditions.

Resorption

The process by which osteoclasts break down bone tissue.

Somatic Growth Factors

Factors that affect bone growth and density during developmental years.

Trabecular Orientation

The alignment of trabecular struts that enhances bone strength in certain directions.