USH- Ch. 7- The Era of Good Feelings

What was the McCulloch v. Maryland case?

A case started when Maryland tried to tax the National Bank.

What was the ruling of this case?

The Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that a Second Bank was constitutional because it was both necessary and proper. So, taxing the National Bank was considered unconstitutional because the bank was utilized by the government, states could not interfere with it.

What did this case help re-establish?

This case aided in displaying how the Elastic Clause can be used by the federal government which essentially helped to strengthen the legislative body of the U.S.

What three cases in the Supreme Court helped change the future for the U.S. government?

McCulloch v. Maryland, Martin v. Hunter's Lessee, and Gibbons v. Ogde

What did these cases do to strengthen the government?

The Hunter’s Lessee helped make the idea that the Supreme Court was the final judicial appeal, meaning it is the last court that a case can go to. The Gibbons v. Ogden case decided a monopoly was unconstitutional and it gave the federal government the power to interfere with interstate commerce.

Who invented steamboats and what advantage did they present?

Robert Fulton invented steamboats in 1807 and they gave people the ability to travel upstream quickly.

What were Iron Horses?

Early adaptations of the train and railroad which helped people settle in the West quickly and more cost efficiently. However, they were dirty, ugly, load, and uncomfortable.

Why would you choose a factory job over a farming job?

Farming required a lot of time, money, and space and sometimes slavery, so average people often chose factory job’s because industrialization and factories were growing rapidly, so new jobs were constantly available.

Why were women and children often be hired by factories to work?

Women and children were unaware of the pay that a job would typically provide, so factories often were able to get away with hiring many women and children more hardly any money.

What was a cotton gin?

A machine invented by Eli Whitney, that would comb the seeds out of cotton which increased cotton production by a lot. The problem was this invention also increased slavery.

What the Southern class structure?

1. Planters- Owners of plantations with 20+ slaves (Less than 1% of people)

2. Yeoman Farmers- Family farms with 4 or fewer slaves

3. Rural Poor- lives on land too barren for crops

4. African Americans- 93% were enslaved, bottom of the social ladder

What was the Missouri Compromise?

• Made Maine a free state

• Made Missouri a slave state

• No slavery was allowed above the 36’30 line

• Slavery was allowed below the 36’30 line

• Created by Henry Clay as a temporary compromise

What was the election of 1824?

Had four candidates, Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, John Q. Adams, and William Crawford. Eventually William Crawford and Henry Clay were eliminated from the race. Jackson won popular, but no one won majority, so the vote went to the House of Representatives

What was a corrupt bargain?

Henry Clay was offered a job as the Secretary of State by John Q. Adams, in return Clay would encourage people in the House of Representatives to vote for Adams. Andrew Jackson found out about this and called it corrupt bargaining.

Why was there a canal connecting Albany and Buffalo?

The Erie Canal was built between Albany and Buffalo to connect the great lakes to the Hudson River.

What was the Adams-Onis treaty?

The Treaty that sold Florida from Spain to the U.S. for 10 million dollars.

What was a task labor system?

Enslaved people were given tasks throughout the day and when they were done they could do other things, they could even get paid if they completed extra work.

What was a gang labor system?

A system in which enslaved people worked in groups from morning till night and were controlled by a driver

Who was John Q. Adams?

He was a Democratic-Republican whose father was John Adams, the second president and a founding father. He was involved in the corrupt bargain, which was named by his opponent in the presidential election, Andrew Jackson. Adams was intelligent and worked hard to propose ideas that benefited the people, though his only ideas that were funded were about the National Road.

Who was Nat Turner?

An enslaved minister, believed he was chosen by God to free the enslaved people. So, he led an uprising that killed over 50 white people, and he was tried and hanged.

Who was Frederick Douglas?

A former enslaved person who later became the leader of the abolitionist movement.

What was the Quadruple alliance and what did it do?

An alliance between Great Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria. This alliance helped Spain regain control over its colonies without the help of Britain.

What was the Monroe Doctorine?

When President Monroe stated that the land in the Americas was not open to any more colonization by European countries.

Who was Eli Whitney?

The inventor of the Cotton Gin and Interchangeable parts on a gun. These parts were mass created in factories and then the gun was put together, so parts of the gun could easily be replaced.

Who is Robert Fulton?

The inventor of steamboats, named it Clemont and travelled 150 miles upstream in 32 hours to display its power. This improved river travel and transportation of goods.

Who was Denmark Vesey?

a free African American from Charleston, S.C. who was accused of planning a slave revolt in which he was trials and hanged for.

What is Morse Code?

A way of communication using a telegraph created by Samuel F.B. Morse in 1832. It was a series of 3 beeps which represented letters of the alphabet. This became very popular across America by 1860.