Chapter 4: Interpersonal Perception

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First order reality

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28 Terms

1

First order reality

The physical reality of the moment; the immediate question or situation asked.

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2

Second order reality

How we react to the first reality.

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3

Interpersonal perception

The process of making meaning from the people in our environment and our relationships with them.

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4

Physical construct

A method of organizing perception based on appearance.

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5

Role construct

Organizing perception based on a person's social position or role in life.

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6

Interaction construct

Noticing behaviors in others that relate to social interactions, such as being friendly or aggressive.

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7

Psychological construct

Emphasizing a person's thoughts and feelings, such as anxiety or confidence.

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8

Factors influencing interpretation

Experience, personal knowledge, and the closeness of the relationship with the person.

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9

Physiological states

Temporary physical conditions affecting perception, such as sickness.

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10

Physiological traits

Ongoing characteristics that consistently impact perception.

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11

Culture

A set of values, beliefs, and behaviors that influence communication and perception.

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12

Co-culture

Subgroups within a larger culture that influence perceptions of others.

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13

Stereotyping

A three-part process that involves identifying, generalizing, and applying characteristics to a person based on their group membership.

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14

Selective memory bias

The tendency to remember information that supports our stereotypes while forgetting contradictory information.

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15

Primary effect

The tendency for our first impressions of someone to overshadow later impressions.

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16

Recency effect

The tendency for our most recent impressions to be more influential than previous impressions.

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17

Perceptual set

A predisposition to perceive only what we want or expect to perceive.

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18

Seeing through rose-colored glasses

An idealistic view of someone, often experienced when feeling love or admiration.

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19

Positivity bias

Viewing information in an overly idealistic or positive way.

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20

Negativity bias

Viewing information in an overly pessimistic way.

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21

Egocentrism

The inability to take another person's perspective.

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22

Attributions

Explanations we give for our own and others' behaviors.

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23

Locus in attributions

The location of the cause of behavior, either external or internal.

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24

Stability in attributions

Whether the cause of behavior is stable and permanent or unstable and random.

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25

Controllability in attributions

Whether the cause of behavior is controllable or uncontrollable.

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26

Self-serving bias

Attributing our successes to internal causes and our failures to external causes.

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27

Fundamental attribution error

Attributing others' behaviors more to internal causes than to external causes.

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28

Over attribution

Focusing on one characteristic of a person and attributing various behaviors to that characteristic.

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