Physics of Fluids and Properties of Matter

This set of flashcards covers fundamental concepts in fluid dynamics and the properties of matter, helping students prepare for their exam.

Why are gases easier to compress than liquids and solids?

Gases have greater spacing between particles allowing for compression.

How do gases differ from liquids?

Gases maintain neither size nor shape, while liquids maintain size but not shape.

What is the equation for pressure (P) in terms of force (F) and area (A)?

P = F/A.

What is the reason a dull hypodermic needle hurts more than a sharp one?

A dull needle has a larger surface area, resulting in lower pressure and more pain.

How is the outward force of an air tank balanced?

It must be balanced by internal pressure and external forces since the tank does not accelerate.

When an iceberg and glacier melt, which contributes more to lake water level rise?

The iceberg, as it displaces its own weight in water when floating.

What is the volume of 1 troy ounce of pure gold?

1 troy ounce of gold has a volume of approximately 0.0324 liters.

What is the mass of mercury in kilograms if it is contained in a flask of 34.5 kg?

34.5 kg of mercury equals its mass in kg.

What pressure does a phonograph needle exert if it supports 1.00g with a radius of 0.200mm?

Pressure is calculated using P = F/A, leading to a pressure value.

What are the SI units of density (ρ)?

kg/m3.

What is the average density of a log that floats with 20.0% of its length above water?

It is determined using the volume of the log and weight of the displaced water.

What fraction of a person with a density of 995 kg/m3 will be submerged in freshwater?

Approximately 0.995 or 99.5% submerged.

Provide examples of compressible and incompressible substances.

Air is compressible, while water is incompressible.

How does placing a thumb over a garden hose increase the distance water can be squirted?

It increases pressure in the hose, resulting in a greater force expelling the water.

Why does water shot upward in a fountain broaden as it rises?

As it rises, velocities change, affecting the stream width due to air pressure and gravity.

What is the flow rate in cm3/s of gasoline for a car traveling at 100 km/h averaging 10.0 km/L?

The flow rate can be calculated using distance and fuel efficiency.

What is the average speed of blood through the aorta if pumped at 5.0 L/min?

Speed is calculated using the cross-sectional area of the aorta.