Wika and Linguistics - Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from the lecture notes on language and linguistics.

Wika

A structured system of symbols (spoken or written) used to express thoughts and feelings within a culture; comprises sounds, letters, and rules.

Lingguwistikong komunidad

A group connected by a common language, defined by region, profession, generation, interests, religion, or education.

Multikultural na komunidad

A community aiming for unity amid cultural differences.

Sosyolek

A language variety tied to social status or social context of speakers.

Idyolek

An individual's distinctive way of speaking.

Dayalekto

A dialect; a regional variety of a language.

Etnolek

An ethnolinguistic variety associated with an ethnic group.

Ekolek

Language used inside the home; family/domestic speech.

Pidgin

A simplified language formed for communication between people with different native languages; lacks formal structure.

Creole

A stable, natural language that develops from a pidgin and becomes a native language of a community.

Register

A particular style or level of language used in a given social context; varies by situation or audience.

Ponolohiya

The branch studying phonemes, pitch, stress, length, and other sound features.

Morpolohiya

The study of morphemes—the smallest meaningful units of language—and their formation into words.

Sintaks

The study of sentence structure and how words combine into phrases and sentences.

Semantiks

The study of meaning in language; relationship between words, phrases, and meanings.

Arbitraryo

The property that language signs are conventional and arbitrary, not inherently connected to meanings.

Kultura

The set of customs, beliefs, and practices that shape language use within a community.

Wikang pambansa

The national language representing a country and linking speakers of diverse languages.

Wikang opisyal

The official language or languages designated for government and public affairs.

Wikang panturo

The language used for instruction in schools.

Unang wika

The first language learned from birth; the native language.

Barayti ng wika

The varieties or forms of a language; language varieties.

Interaksiyonal

Language function for establishing or maintaining social relations.

Instrumental

Language function for achieving goals or getting things done.

Regulatori

Language function for controlling or guiding others’ behavior.

Personal

Language function for expressing personal identity and feelings.

Heuristik

Language function used to explore or gain information.

Representasyonal

Language function that conveys information.

Imahinatibo

Language function that expands imagination and creativity.

Reference

A function of language that anchors discourse to a topic or entity.

Anapora

A reference that points back to something mentioned earlier.

Katapora

A reference that points forward to something not yet mentioned.

Substitusyon

Replacing a word or phrase with another.

Ellipsis

Omission of words that are understood from context.

Pang-ugnay

Conjunctions or linking words that connect clauses and sentences.

Reiterasyon

Repetition of a word or idea for emphasis.

Kolokasyon

The habitual co-occurrence of words; common word pairings.

Panlinaw

Clarification or providing explanations to remove ambiguity.

Panubali

Conditional element; indicating conditions.