IGCSE CIE Sociology 5: Education | Quizlet

Anti-school sub-culture

the norms and values of a group of pupils that reject the school's values

Comprehensive system

non-selective secondary schools accepting all the children of that age in an area

Cultural capital

the knowledge, language, attitudes and values that give those who have them an advantage in the educational system

Cultural deprivation

aspects of the values and attitudes from the home and family background of some children that prevent them from achieving in education

Culture of masculinity

norms and values that involve supposedly masculine characteristics, for example preferring sports to reading

Discrimination

when one group is treated unfairly

Educational achievement

how well individuals do in the school system, usually measured by exam results

Educational inequality

when different groups are treated differently or have different levels of educational achievement

Elaborated code

a form of language used in careful explanation and detail, and in formal contexts such as in examinations

Ethnocentrism

seeing other cultures from the point of view of your own, so that the other culture is devalued

Equality of opportunity

when everyone has the same chance of succeeding

Faith schools

schools controlled by a religious organization

Formal education

takes place in classrooms, where there is a syllabus and set content to be taught and learnt

Functions of education

the ways in which education contributes to society

Hidden curriculum

attitudes and behavior that are taught through the way the school is run and how teachers act, rather than through content of a lesson

Home factors

factors in the home background of children that affect how they do in school

Immediate gratification

having short-term aims and wanting rewards straight away

Deferred gratification

having long-term aims and being willing to postpone rewards

Informal education

takes place outside classrooms at home or work or through daily interactions

Intelligence

how clever someone is; a very difficult idea to measure

IQ tests

intelligence quotient tests involve answering questions that are then used to work out a score which supposedly indicates how intelligent the person is

Labelling

defining a person or group in a particular way so that certain behavior is expected from them

Life chances

the opportunities that individuals have to improve their lives

Material deprivation

problems in the standard of living in the home background of some children that prevent them from achieving in education

Meritocracy

a system in which individuals reach the social positions they deserve, based on their educational achievement, talent and skills

Official curriculum

the subjects and lessons and their content

Positive discrimination

giving disadvantaged groups better treatment than others in an attempt to make up for their disadvantage

Post-compulsory education

education after the school-leaving age, where individuals choose to stay in education when they could have left

Private school

a school that is not run or controlled by the government

Restricted code

a form of language used with close friends and families, where there are shared meanings; compared to the elaborated code it is informal

Rewards

any way in which children are praised or receive something positive for something they have done

Sanctions

any way in which children are reprimanded or receive something negative for something they have done

School factors

factors at school that affect children's educational achievement

Secondary socialisation

socialization after the period of primary socialization, that is, after the basic norms and values have been learnt

Selective education

pupils are selected (and others excluded), usually on the basis of their academic ability

Self fulfilling prophecy

when people act in the way they have been expected to, making the expectation come true

Setting

when children are taught in classes of similar ability for a particular subject

Single-sex schools

schools that take either only boys or only girls

Socialization

the process of learning culture

Social conformity

fitting in with social expectations for behavior

Social control

any way in which people are persuaded or forced to behave in particular ways

Social expectations

the ways in which people are expected to behave in particular ways

Social factors

things that affect lifestyle and life chances, such as wealth, religion and occupation

Social mobility

the movement of individuals or groups up or down the social hierarchy

Social stratification

the different levels into which societies are divided, such as upper class, middle class and working class, based on differences in wealth, power and status

State schools

schools that are run, directly or indirectly, by the government

Streaming

when children are taught in classes of similar ability for all subjects

Vocationalism

vocational education prepares people for work or trains the, for particular jobs or careers